An Updated Review on the Role of Nanoformulated Phytochemicals in Colorectal Cancer
Alakesh Das,
Suman Adhikari,
Dikshita Deka,
Nabajyoti Baildya,
Padmavati Sahare,
Antara Banerjee,
Sujay Paul,
Atil Bisgin,
Surajit Pathak
Affiliations
Alakesh Das
Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chettinad Academy of Research and Education (CARE), Chettinad Hospital and Research Institute (CHRI), Chennai 603103, India
Suman Adhikari
Department of Chemistry, Govt. Degree College, Dharmanagar 799253, India
Dikshita Deka
Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chettinad Academy of Research and Education (CARE), Chettinad Hospital and Research Institute (CHRI), Chennai 603103, India
Nabajyoti Baildya
Department of Chemistry, Milki High School, Malda 732209, India
Padmavati Sahare
Instituto de Neurobiología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Campus UNAM 3001, Juriquilla 76230, Querétaro, Mexico
Antara Banerjee
Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chettinad Academy of Research and Education (CARE), Chettinad Hospital and Research Institute (CHRI), Chennai 603103, India
Sujay Paul
Tecnologico de Monterrey, School of Engineering and Sciences, Campus Queretaro, San Pablo 76130, Querétaro, Mexico
Atil Bisgin
Cukurova University AGENTEM (Adana Genetic Diseases Diagnosis and Treatment Center), Medical Genetics Department of Medical Faculty, Cukurova University, Adana 01330, Turkey
Surajit Pathak
Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chettinad Academy of Research and Education (CARE), Chettinad Hospital and Research Institute (CHRI), Chennai 603103, India
The most common cancer-related cause of death worldwide is colorectal cancer. It is initiated with the formation of polyps, which further cause the development of colorectal cancer in multistep phases. Colorectal cancer mortality is high despite recent treatment breakthroughs and a greater understanding of its pathophysiology. Stress is one of the major causes of triggering different cellular signalling cascades inside the body and which might turn toward the development of cancer. Naturally occurring plant compounds or phytochemicals are being studied for medical purposes. Phytochemicals’ benefits are being analyzed for inflammatory illnesses, liver failure, metabolic disorders, neurodegenerative disorders, and nephropathies. Cancer treatment with fewer side effects and better outcomes has been achieved by combining phytochemicals with chemotherapy. Resveratrol, curcumin, and epigallocatechin-3-gallate have been studied for their chemotherapeutic and chemopreventive potentiality, but hydrophobicity, solubility, poor bioavailability, and target selectivity limit the clinical uses of these compounds. The therapeutic potential is maximized by utilizing nanocarriers such as liposomes, micelles, nanoemulsions, and nanoparticles to increase phytochemical bioavailability and target specificity. This updated literature review discusses the clinical limitations, increased sensitivity, chemopreventive and chemotherapeutic effects, and the clinical limitations of the phytochemicals.
