Modification of mood states in CKD patients: uniform manifold approximation and projection (UMAP) analysis of PANAS data

Abstract

Introduction The Positive and Negative Affect Schedule (PANAS) is a self-report questionnaire that consists of two scales to measure positive and negative affective states. An unresolved debate exists whether positive and negative affective states can co-exist or are mutually exclusive. Furthermore, it is unclear how the presence of a dysmetabolic state that affects cognition, such as chronic kidney disease (CKD), impacts these states. Aims We approach this problem using a non-linear method of dimensionality reduction, the Uniform Manifold Approximation and Projection (UMAP), which has the advantage of preserving the data’s global structure. Results We show its application in a cohort of 42 CKD patients and 100 age- and gender-matched healthy volunteers (age 57 ± 20 years). UMAP algorithm allowed to identify two mutually exclusive affective states. The presence of CKD impacts both states. Conclusion This new methodology and its exemplificative application to CKD are discussed here for the first time.

Keywords

• positive and negative affect schedule (panas)
• uniform manifold approximation and projection (umap)
• chronic kidney disease