Culturally-tailored text-messaging intervention for smoking cessation in rural American Indian communities: Rationale, design, and methods

Michael F. Orr; Ekaterina Burduli; Katherine A. Hirchak; Jo Ann Walsh Dotson; Sara L. Young; Lonnie Nelson; Emma Lennstrom; Trevor Slaney; Terry Bush; Stephen R. Gillaspy; John M. Roll; Dedra Buchwald; Sterling M. McPherson

Contemporary Clinical Trials Communications (Sep 2019)

Culturally-tailored text-messaging intervention for smoking cessation in rural American Indian communities: Rationale, design, and methods

Michael F. Orr,
Ekaterina Burduli,
Katherine A. Hirchak,
Jo Ann Walsh Dotson,
Sara L. Young,
Lonnie Nelson,
Emma Lennstrom,
Trevor Slaney,
Terry Bush,
Stephen R. Gillaspy,
John M. Roll,
Dedra Buchwald,
Sterling M. McPherson

Affiliations

Michael F. Orr: Elson S. Floyd College of Medicine, Washington State University, Spokane, WA, 99210-1495, USA; Program of Excellence in Addictions Research (PEAR), Washington State University, Spokane, WA, 99210-1495, USA; College of Nursing, Washington State University, Spokane, WA, 99210-1495, USA
Ekaterina Burduli: Program of Excellence in Addictions Research (PEAR), Washington State University, Spokane, WA, 99210-1495, USA; College of Nursing, Washington State University, Spokane, WA, 99210-1495, USA
Katherine A. Hirchak: Elson S. Floyd College of Medicine, Washington State University, Spokane, WA, 99210-1495, USA; Initiative for Research and Education to Advance Community Health, Washington State University (IREACH), Spokane, WA, 99210-1495, USA; Program of Excellence in Addictions Research (PEAR), Washington State University, Spokane, WA, 99210-1495, USA
Jo Ann Walsh Dotson: Program of Excellence in Addictions Research (PEAR), Washington State University, Spokane, WA, 99210-1495, USA; College of Nursing, Washington State University, Spokane, WA, 99210-1495, USA
Sara L. Young: Montana State University, Bozeman, MT, 59717-2220, USA
Lonnie Nelson: Initiative for Research and Education to Advance Community Health, Washington State University (IREACH), Spokane, WA, 99210-1495, USA; College of Nursing, Washington State University, Spokane, WA, 99210-1495, USA
Emma Lennstrom: Initiative for Research and Education to Advance Community Health, Washington State University (IREACH), Spokane, WA, 99210-1495, USA
Trevor Slaney: Initiative for Research and Education to Advance Community Health, Washington State University (IREACH), Spokane, WA, 99210-1495, USA
Terry Bush: Optum 11000 Optum Circle, Eden Prairie, MN, 55344, USA
Stephen R. Gillaspy: University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA
John M. Roll: Elson S. Floyd College of Medicine, Washington State University, Spokane, WA, 99210-1495, USA; Program of Excellence in Addictions Research (PEAR), Washington State University, Spokane, WA, 99210-1495, USA; College of Nursing, Washington State University, Spokane, WA, 99210-1495, USA
Dedra Buchwald: Elson S. Floyd College of Medicine, Washington State University, Spokane, WA, 99210-1495, USA; Initiative for Research and Education to Advance Community Health, Washington State University (IREACH), Spokane, WA, 99210-1495, USA
Sterling M. McPherson: Elson S. Floyd College of Medicine, Washington State University, Spokane, WA, 99210-1495, USA; Program of Excellence in Addictions Research (PEAR), Washington State University, Spokane, WA, 99210-1495, USA; Corresponding author. Elson S. Floyd College of Medicine, PO Box 1495, Washington State University, Spokane, WA, 99210-1495, USA.

Journal volume & issue: Vol. 15

Abstract

Read online

Background: American Indian (AI) and Alaska Native (AN) communities experience disproportionately high rates of tobacco use when compared to the overall U.S. population, especially among rural populations. Methods: We implemented a single-blind, randomized clinical trial of a text messaging-based smoking cessation intervention through the tobacco quitlines of five states (Alaska, Minnesota, New Mexico, Oklahoma, and Wisconsin) with high percentages of AI residents. We partnered with state quitlines and Optum, a multi-state entity that manages quitlines. Participants who called the quitlines and identified as AI/AN were given the option to enroll in this trial. Upon consent, they were randomly assigned to either the standard quitline program (control) or a program culturally tailored for AI/ANs (intervention), which used a text messaging intervention to encourage smoking cessation. We adapted the text messages based on key informant and focus group input. Baseline data was analyzed for differences across age, sex, and the Fagerström Test for Nicotine Dependence. Results: We recruited n = 487 AIs into the trial. Participants had an average age of 41.9 years (SD = 11.7) and 66% were female. The average Fagerström Test for Nicotine Dependence score was 5.38 (SD = 2.37). The intervention and control arms did not significantly differ across any of the baseline characteristics. Conclusion: Implementation of this trial illustrated important lessons in adapting, implementing, and evaluating trials in collaboration with AI communities and local and national organizations. This work will inform future efforts to implement culturally-tailored interventions with AI/ANs and advance our knowledge about adapting and implementing smoking cessation interventions. Keywords: Culturally-tailored intervention, American indians, Alaska Native and American Indian adults, Tobacco treatment, Text-messaging smoking cessation, Quitlines

Published in Contemporary Clinical Trials Communications

ISSN: 2451-8654 (Online)
Publisher: Elsevier
Country of publisher: United States
LCC subjects: Medicine: Medicine (General)
Website: https://www.journals.elsevier.com/contemporary-clinical-trials-communications/

About the journal