Extraction of Hydroxyapatite from Caprine Bones and its Anti-Bacterial Study

Abstract

Bones are mineralized connecting tissues consisting of 70% of Hydroxyapatite (HAP); it is the major component of the bone. Hydroxyapatite (HAP) is most important biomaterial possessing all distinguish features such as antibacterial activity, bioactive and non-inflammatory behavior. Hydroxyapatite is mainly synthesized by two routes i.e. i) using inorganic substances and ii) by exploiting natural sources. The aim of this study is to extract hydroxyapatite using solid waste (animal bones) and to investigate its antibacterial activity. The extraction consisted of alkaline technique and calcination methods. During alkaline process bones became very soft and were easily converted into powder using mortar and pestle without utilizing any milling process and anti-bacterial response was higher when compared to previous studies. The characterization techniques that were utilized are; X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), Fourier Transformed Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR) and SEM (Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) in order to reveal phase composition, functional groups and surface morphology of HAP. Antibacterial activity was checked by zone of inhibition.