Breast Cancer Research (Jan 2022)
Common variants in breast cancer risk loci predispose to distinct tumor subtypes
- Thomas U. Ahearn,
- Haoyu Zhang,
- Kyriaki Michailidou,
- Roger L. Milne,
- Manjeet K. Bolla,
- Joe Dennis,
- Alison M. Dunning,
- Michael Lush,
- Qin Wang,
- Irene L. Andrulis,
- Hoda Anton-Culver,
- Volker Arndt,
- Kristan J. Aronson,
- Paul L. Auer,
- Annelie Augustinsson,
- Adinda Baten,
- Heiko Becher,
- Sabine Behrens,
- Javier Benitez,
- Marina Bermisheva,
- Carl Blomqvist,
- Stig E. Bojesen,
- Bernardo Bonanni,
- Anne-Lise Børresen-Dale,
- Hiltrud Brauch,
- Hermann Brenner,
- Angela Brooks-Wilson,
- Thomas Brüning,
- Barbara Burwinkel,
- Saundra S. Buys,
- Federico Canzian,
- Jose E. Castelao,
- Jenny Chang-Claude,
- Stephen J. Chanock,
- Georgia Chenevix-Trench,
- Christine L. Clarke,
- NBCS Collaborators,
- J. Margriet Collée,
- Angela Cox,
- Simon S. Cross,
- Kamila Czene,
- Mary B. Daly,
- Peter Devilee,
- Thilo Dörk,
- Miriam Dwek,
- Diana M. Eccles,
- D. Gareth Evans,
- Peter A. Fasching,
- Jonine Figueroa,
- Giuseppe Floris,
- Manuela Gago-Dominguez,
- Susan M. Gapstur,
- José A. García-Sáenz,
- Mia M. Gaudet,
- Graham G. Giles,
- Mark S. Goldberg,
- Anna González-Neira,
- Grethe I. Grenaker Alnæs,
- Mervi Grip,
- Pascal Guénel,
- Christopher A. Haiman,
- Per Hall,
- Ute Hamann,
- Elaine F. Harkness,
- Bernadette A. M. Heemskerk-Gerritsen,
- Bernd Holleczek,
- Antoinette Hollestelle,
- Maartje J. Hooning,
- Robert N. Hoover,
- John L. Hopper,
- Anthony Howell,
- ABCTB Investigators,
- kConFab/AOCS Investigators,
- Milena Jakimovska,
- Anna Jakubowska,
- Esther M. John,
- Michael E. Jones,
- Audrey Jung,
- Rudolf Kaaks,
- Saila Kauppila,
- Renske Keeman,
- Elza Khusnutdinova,
- Cari M. Kitahara,
- Yon-Dschun Ko,
- Stella Koutros,
- Vessela N. Kristensen,
- Ute Krüger,
- Katerina Kubelka-Sabit,
- Allison W. Kurian,
- Kyriacos Kyriacou,
- Diether Lambrechts,
- Derrick G. Lee,
- Annika Lindblom,
- Martha Linet,
- Jolanta Lissowska,
- Ana Llaneza,
- Wing-Yee Lo,
- Robert J. MacInnis,
- Arto Mannermaa,
- Mehdi Manoochehri,
- Sara Margolin,
- Maria Elena Martinez,
- Catriona McLean,
- Alfons Meindl,
- Usha Menon,
- Heli Nevanlinna,
- William G. Newman,
- Jesse Nodora,
- Kenneth Offit,
- Håkan Olsson,
- Nick Orr,
- Tjoung-Won Park-Simon,
- Alpa V. Patel,
- Julian Peto,
- Guillermo Pita,
- Dijana Plaseska-Karanfilska,
- Ross Prentice,
- Kevin Punie,
- Katri Pylkäs,
- Paolo Radice,
- Gad Rennert,
- Atocha Romero,
- Thomas Rüdiger,
- Emmanouil Saloustros,
- Sarah Sampson,
- Dale P. Sandler,
- Elinor J. Sawyer,
- Rita K. Schmutzler,
- Minouk J. Schoemaker,
- Ben Schöttker,
- Mark E. Sherman,
- Xiao-Ou Shu,
- Snezhana Smichkoska,
- Melissa C. Southey,
- John J. Spinelli,
- Anthony J. Swerdlow,
- Rulla M. Tamimi,
- William J. Tapper,
- Jack A. Taylor,
- Lauren R. Teras,
- Mary Beth Terry,
- Diana Torres,
- Melissa A. Troester,
- Celine M. Vachon,
- Carolien H. M. van Deurzen,
- Elke M. van Veen,
- Philippe Wagner,
- Clarice R. Weinberg,
- Camilla Wendt,
- Jelle Wesseling,
- Robert Winqvist,
- Alicja Wolk,
- Xiaohong R. Yang,
- Wei Zheng,
- Fergus J. Couch,
- Jacques Simard,
- Peter Kraft,
- Douglas F. Easton,
- Paul D. P. Pharoah,
- Marjanka K. Schmidt,
- Montserrat García-Closas,
- Nilanjan Chatterjee
Affiliations
- Thomas U. Ahearn
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and GeneticsDepartment of Health and Human Services, Medical Center Drive, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health
- Haoyu Zhang
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and GeneticsDepartment of Health and Human Services, Medical Center Drive, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health
- Kyriaki Michailidou
- Institute of Neurology & Genetics, Biostatistics Unit
- Roger L. Milne
- Cancer Epidemiology Division
- Manjeet K. Bolla
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge
- Joe Dennis
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge
- Alison M. Dunning
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge
- Michael Lush
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge
- Qin Wang
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge
- Irene L. Andrulis
- Fred A. Litwin Center for Cancer Genetics, Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute of Mount Sinai Hospital
- Hoda Anton-Culver
- Department of Medicine, Genetic Epidemiology Research Institute, University of California Irvine
- Volker Arndt
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ)
- Kristan J. Aronson
- Department of Public Health Sciences, and Cancer Research Institute, Queen’s University
- Paul L. Auer
- Cancer Prevention Program, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center
- Annelie Augustinsson
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology, Clinical Sciences, Lund University
- Adinda Baten
- Leuven Multidisciplinary Breast Center, Department of Oncology, Leuven Cancer Institute, University Hospitals Leuven
- Heiko Becher
- Institute of Medical Biometry and Epidemiology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf
- Sabine Behrens
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ)
- Javier Benitez
- Human Cancer Genetics Programme, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO)
- Marina Bermisheva
- Institute of Biochemistry and Genetics, Ufa Federal Research Centre of the Russian Academy of Sciences
- Carl Blomqvist
- Department of Oncology, Helsinki University Hospital, University of Helsinki
- Stig E. Bojesen
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen
- Bernardo Bonanni
- Division of Cancer Prevention and Genetics, IEO, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS
- Anne-Lise Børresen-Dale
- Department of Cancer Genetics, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital-Radiumhospitalet
- Hiltrud Brauch
- Dr. Margarete Fischer-Bosch-Institute of Clinical Pharmacology
- Hermann Brenner
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ)
- Angela Brooks-Wilson
- Genome Sciences Centre, BC Cancer Agency
- Thomas Brüning
- Institute for Prevention and Occupational Medicine of the German Social Accident Insurance, Institute, Ruhr University Bochum (IPA)
- Barbara Burwinkel
- Molecular Epidemiology Group, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ)
- Saundra S. Buys
- Department of Medicine, Huntsman Cancer Institute
- Federico Canzian
- Genomic Epidemiology Group, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ)
- Jose E. Castelao
- Oncology and Genetics Unit, Instituto de Investigacion Sanitaria Galicia Sur (IISGS), Xerencia de Xestion Integrada de Vigo-SERGAS
- Jenny Chang-Claude
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ)
- Stephen J. Chanock
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and GeneticsDepartment of Health and Human Services, Medical Center Drive, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health
- Georgia Chenevix-Trench
- Department of Genetics and Computational Biology, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute
- Christine L. Clarke
- Westmead Institute for Medical Research, University of Sydney
- NBCS Collaborators
- J. Margriet Collée
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus University Medical Center
- Angela Cox
- Department of Oncology and Metabolism, Sheffield Institute for Nucleic Acids (SInFoNiA), University of Sheffield
- Simon S. Cross
- Department of Neuroscience, Academic Unit of Pathology, University of Sheffield
- Kamila Czene
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet
- Mary B. Daly
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Fox Chase Cancer Center
- Peter Devilee
- Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center
- Thilo Dörk
- Gynaecology Research Unit, Hannover Medical School
- Miriam Dwek
- School of Life Sciences, University of Westminster
- Diana M. Eccles
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton
- D. Gareth Evans
- North West Genomics Laboratory Hub, Manchester Centre for Genomic Medicine, St Mary’s Hospital, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre
- Peter A. Fasching
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen-EMN, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, University Hospital Erlangen
- Jonine Figueroa
- Usher Institute of Population Health Sciences and Informatics, The University of Edinburgh
- Giuseppe Floris
- Leuven Multidisciplinary Breast Center, Department of Oncology, Leuven Cancer Institute, University Hospitals Leuven
- Manuela Gago-Dominguez
- Fundación Pública Galega de Medicina Xenómica, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Santiago, SERGAS
- Susan M. Gapstur
- Behavioral and Epidemiology Research Group, American Cancer Society
- José A. García-Sáenz
- Medical Oncology Department, Centro Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria San Carlos (IdISSC)
- Mia M. Gaudet
- Behavioral and Epidemiology Research Group, American Cancer Society
- Graham G. Giles
- Cancer Epidemiology Division
- Mark S. Goldberg
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology, Royal Victoria Hospital, McGill University
- Anna González-Neira
- Human Cancer Genetics Programme, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO)
- Grethe I. Grenaker Alnæs
- Department of Cancer Genetics, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital-Radiumhospitalet
- Mervi Grip
- Department of Surgery, Oulu University Hospital, University of Oulu
- Pascal Guénel
- Center for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health (CESP), Team Exposome and Heredity, INSERM, University Paris-Saclay
- Christopher A. Haiman
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California
- Per Hall
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet
- Ute Hamann
- Molecular Genetics of Breast Cancer, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ)
- Elaine F. Harkness
- Division of Informatics, Imaging and Data Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre
- Bernadette A. M. Heemskerk-Gerritsen
- Department of Medical Oncology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute
- Bernd Holleczek
- Saarland Cancer Registry
- Antoinette Hollestelle
- Department of Medical Oncology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute
- Maartje J. Hooning
- Department of Medical Oncology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute
- Robert N. Hoover
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and GeneticsDepartment of Health and Human Services, Medical Center Drive, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health
- John L. Hopper
- Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne
- Anthony Howell
- Division of Cancer Sciences, University of Manchester
- ABCTB Investigators
- kConFab/AOCS Investigators
- Milena Jakimovska
- Research Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology “Georgi D. Efremov”, MASA
- Anna Jakubowska
- Department of Genetics and Pathology, Pomeranian Medical University
- Esther M. John
- Department of Epidemiology & Population Health, Stanford University School of Medicine
- Michael E. Jones
- Division of Genetics and Epidemiology, The Institute of Cancer Research
- Audrey Jung
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ)
- Rudolf Kaaks
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ)
- Saila Kauppila
- Department of Pathology, Oulu University Hospital, University of Oulu
- Renske Keeman
- Division of Molecular Pathology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute - Antoni Van Leeuwenhoek Hospital
- Elza Khusnutdinova
- Institute of Biochemistry and Genetics, Ufa Federal Research Centre of the Russian Academy of Sciences
- Cari M. Kitahara
- Radiation Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute
- Yon-Dschun Ko
- Department of Internal Medicine, Johanniter Kliniken Bonn
- Stella Koutros
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and GeneticsDepartment of Health and Human Services, Medical Center Drive, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health
- Vessela N. Kristensen
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo
- Ute Krüger
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology, Clinical Sciences, Lund University
- Katerina Kubelka-Sabit
- Department of Histopathology and Cytology, Clinical Hospital Acibadem Sistina
- Allison W. Kurian
- Department of Epidemiology & Population Health, Stanford University School of Medicine
- Kyriacos Kyriacou
- Cyprus School of Molecular Medicine, Institute of Neurology & Genetics
- Diether Lambrechts
- Laboratory for Translational Genetics, Department of Human Genetics, University of Leuven
- Derrick G. Lee
- Cancer Control Research, BC Cancer
- Annika Lindblom
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet
- Martha Linet
- Radiation Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute
- Jolanta Lissowska
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention, M. Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology
- Ana Llaneza
- General and Gastroenterology Surgery Service, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias
- Wing-Yee Lo
- Dr. Margarete Fischer-Bosch-Institute of Clinical Pharmacology
- Robert J. MacInnis
- Cancer Epidemiology Division
- Arto Mannermaa
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Pathology and Forensic Medicine, University of Eastern Finland
- Mehdi Manoochehri
- Molecular Genetics of Breast Cancer, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ)
- Sara Margolin
- Department of Oncology
- Maria Elena Martinez
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego
- Catriona McLean
- Anatomical Pathology, The Alfred Hospital
- Alfons Meindl
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University of Munich
- Usha Menon
- Institute of Clinical Trials & Methodology, University College London
- Heli Nevanlinna
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Helsinki University Hospital, University of Helsinki
- William G. Newman
- North West Genomics Laboratory Hub, Manchester Centre for Genomic Medicine, St Mary’s Hospital, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre
- Jesse Nodora
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego
- Kenneth Offit
- Clinical Genetics Research Lab, Department of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center
- Håkan Olsson
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology, Clinical Sciences, Lund University
- Nick Orr
- Centre for Cancer Research and Cell Biology, Queen’s University Belfast
- Tjoung-Won Park-Simon
- Gynaecology Research Unit, Hannover Medical School
- Alpa V. Patel
- Behavioral and Epidemiology Research Group, American Cancer Society
- Julian Peto
- Department of Non-Communicable Disease Epidemiology, School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine
- Guillermo Pita
- Human Genotyping-CEGEN Unit, Human Cancer Genetic Program, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre
- Dijana Plaseska-Karanfilska
- Research Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology “Georgi D. Efremov”, MASA
- Ross Prentice
- Cancer Prevention Program, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center
- Kevin Punie
- Department of General Medical Oncology and Multidisciplinary Breast Center, Leuven Cancer Institute, University Hospitals Leuven
- Katri Pylkäs
- Laboratory of Cancer Genetics and Tumor Biology, Cancer and Translational Medicine Research Unit, University of Oulu
- Paolo Radice
- Unit of Molecular Bases of Genetic Risk and Genetic Testing, Department of Research, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale Dei Tumori (INT)
- Gad Rennert
- Technion Faculty of Medicine, Clalit National Cancer Control Center, Carmel Medical Center
- Atocha Romero
- Medical Oncology Department, Hospital Universitario Puerta de Hierro
- Thomas Rüdiger
- Institute of Pathology, Staedtisches Klinikum Karlsruhe
- Emmanouil Saloustros
- Department of Oncology, University Hospital of Larissa
- Sarah Sampson
- Prevent Breast Cancer Centre and Nightingale Breast Screening Centre, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust
- Dale P. Sandler
- Epidemiology Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, NIH
- Elinor J. Sawyer
- School of Cancer & Pharmaceutical Sciences, Comprehensive Cancer Centre, Guy’s Campus, King’s College London
- Rita K. Schmutzler
- Center for Integrated Oncology (CIO), Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne
- Minouk J. Schoemaker
- Division of Genetics and Epidemiology, The Institute of Cancer Research
- Ben Schöttker
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ)
- Mark E. Sherman
- Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine
- Xiao-Ou Shu
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine
- Snezhana Smichkoska
- Medical Faculty, Ss. Cyril and Methodius University in Skopje, University Clinic of Radiotherapy and Oncology
- Melissa C. Southey
- Cancer Epidemiology Division
- John J. Spinelli
- Population Oncology, BC Cancer
- Anthony J. Swerdlow
- Division of Genetics and Epidemiology, The Institute of Cancer Research
- Rulla M. Tamimi
- Department of Population Health Sciences, Weill Cornell Medicine
- William J. Tapper
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton
- Jack A. Taylor
- Epidemiology Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, NIH
- Lauren R. Teras
- Behavioral and Epidemiology Research Group, American Cancer Society
- Mary Beth Terry
- Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University
- Diana Torres
- Molecular Genetics of Breast Cancer, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ)
- Melissa A. Troester
- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health and UNC Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
- Celine M. Vachon
- Department of Health Science Research, Division of Epidemiology, Mayo Clinic
- Carolien H. M. van Deurzen
- Department of Pathology, Erasmus University Medical Center
- Elke M. van Veen
- North West Genomics Laboratory Hub, Manchester Centre for Genomic Medicine, St Mary’s Hospital, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre
- Philippe Wagner
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology, Clinical Sciences, Lund University
- Clarice R. Weinberg
- Biostatistics and Computational Biology Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, NIH
- Camilla Wendt
- Department of Oncology
- Jelle Wesseling
- Division of Molecular Pathology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute - Antoni Van Leeuwenhoek Hospital
- Robert Winqvist
- Laboratory of Cancer Genetics and Tumor Biology, Cancer and Translational Medicine Research Unit, University of Oulu
- Alicja Wolk
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet
- Xiaohong R. Yang
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and GeneticsDepartment of Health and Human Services, Medical Center Drive, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health
- Wei Zheng
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine
- Fergus J. Couch
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic
- Jacques Simard
- Genomics Center, Department of Molecular Medicine, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec, Université Laval Research Center, Université Laval
- Peter Kraft
- Program in Genetic Epidemiology and Statistical Genetics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health
- Douglas F. Easton
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge
- Paul D. P. Pharoah
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge
- Marjanka K. Schmidt
- Division of Molecular Pathology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute - Antoni Van Leeuwenhoek Hospital
- Montserrat García-Closas
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and GeneticsDepartment of Health and Human Services, Medical Center Drive, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health
- Nilanjan Chatterjee
- Department of Biostatistics, Bloomberg School of Public Health, John Hopkins University
- DOI
- https://doi.org/10.1186/s13058-021-01484-x
- Journal volume & issue
-
Vol. 24,
no. 1
pp. 1 – 13
Abstract
Abstract Background Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have identified multiple common breast cancer susceptibility variants. Many of these variants have differential associations by estrogen receptor (ER) status, but how these variants relate with other tumor features and intrinsic molecular subtypes is unclear. Methods Among 106,571 invasive breast cancer cases and 95,762 controls of European ancestry with data on 173 breast cancer variants identified in previous GWAS, we used novel two-stage polytomous logistic regression models to evaluate variants in relation to multiple tumor features (ER, progesterone receptor (PR), human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) and grade) adjusting for each other, and to intrinsic-like subtypes. Results Eighty-five of 173 variants were associated with at least one tumor feature (false discovery rate < 5%), most commonly ER and grade, followed by PR and HER2. Models for intrinsic-like subtypes found nearly all of these variants (83 of 85) associated at p < 0.05 with risk for at least one luminal-like subtype, and approximately half (41 of 85) of the variants were associated with risk of at least one non-luminal subtype, including 32 variants associated with triple-negative (TN) disease. Ten variants were associated with risk of all subtypes in different magnitude. Five variants were associated with risk of luminal A-like and TN subtypes in opposite directions. Conclusion This report demonstrates a high level of complexity in the etiology heterogeneity of breast cancer susceptibility variants and can inform investigations of subtype-specific risk prediction.
Keywords
- Breast cancer
- Etiologic heterogeneity
- Genetic predisposition
- Common breast cancer susceptibility variants