Multilevel Drought-Induced Resistance and Resilience Analysis for Vegetation in the Yellow River Basin
Jingjing Fan,
Wenwei Zhang,
Fanfan Xu,
Xiong Zhou,
Wei Dong,
Chenyu Wu,
Shibo Wei,
Yue Zhao,
Dongnan Wang
Affiliations
Jingjing Fan
Hebei Key Laboratory of Intelligent Water Conservancy, College of Water Resources and Hydropower, Hebei University of Engineering, Handan 056038, China
Wenwei Zhang
Hebei Key Laboratory of Intelligent Water Conservancy, College of Water Resources and Hydropower, Hebei University of Engineering, Handan 056038, China
Fanfan Xu
Hebei Key Laboratory of Intelligent Water Conservancy, College of Water Resources and Hydropower, Hebei University of Engineering, Handan 056038, China
Xiong Zhou
State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, China-Canada Center for Energy, Environment and Ecology Research, UR-BNU, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
Wei Dong
Department of Environmental Ecological Engineering, School of Life Science and Engineering, Handan University, Handan 056005, China
Chenyu Wu
Hebei Key Laboratory of Intelligent Water Conservancy, College of Water Resources and Hydropower, Hebei University of Engineering, Handan 056038, China
Shibo Wei
Hebei Key Laboratory of Intelligent Water Conservancy, College of Water Resources and Hydropower, Hebei University of Engineering, Handan 056038, China
Yue Zhao
Hebei Key Laboratory of Intelligent Water Conservancy, College of Water Resources and Hydropower, Hebei University of Engineering, Handan 056038, China
Dongnan Wang
Hebei Key Laboratory of Intelligent Water Conservancy, College of Water Resources and Hydropower, Hebei University of Engineering, Handan 056038, China
In this study, a multilevel drought-induced resistance and resilience analysis (MDRRA) approach was developed to investigate the stability of vegetation in the Yellow River Basin (YRB). MDRRA was quantified by utilizing the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI). It was applied to YRB to assess vegetation resistance and resilience to various levels of drought by utilizing precipitation and NDVI data from 2000 to 2019. The results reveal that vegetation resistance and resilience in YRB are affected by drought severity. Monthly and annual changes in SPI over the warm–temperate humid zone of the YRB show a decreasing trend, with rates of 0.001 per decade and 0.034 per decade, respectively; however, the other climatic subregions exhibit an increasing trend, with rates ranging from 0.002 per decade to 0.82 per decade. Over 77.56% of the downstream areas show increases in the annual SPI averages. Drought severity differs across subregions in the YRB. More severe drought events occur in its upper and middle reaches, while less severe ones happen in its lower reaches. As the drought severity increases, the arid and semiarid regions of the mesothermal zone exhibit a decrease in the resistance and resilience indices. MDRRA can help improve the stability and resilience of the ecosystem in the YRB.
