Thymine-Modified Nanocarrier for Doxorubicin Delivery in Glioblastoma Cells
Albina Y. Ziganshina,
Elina E. Mansurova,
Alexandra D. Voloshina,
Anna P. Lyubina,
Syumbelya K. Amerhanova,
Marina M. Shulaeva,
Irek R. Nizameev,
Marsil K. Kadirov,
Leysan R. Bakhtiozina,
Vyacheslav E. Semenov,
Igor S. Antipin
Affiliations
Albina Y. Ziganshina
Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry, FRC Kazan Scientific Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, Arbuzov Str. 8, 420088 Kazan, Russia
Elina E. Mansurova
Alexander Butlerov Institute of Chemistry, Kazan Federal University, Lobachevsky Str. 1/29, 420008 Kazan, Russia
Alexandra D. Voloshina
Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry, FRC Kazan Scientific Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, Arbuzov Str. 8, 420088 Kazan, Russia
Anna P. Lyubina
Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry, FRC Kazan Scientific Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, Arbuzov Str. 8, 420088 Kazan, Russia
Syumbelya K. Amerhanova
Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry, FRC Kazan Scientific Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, Arbuzov Str. 8, 420088 Kazan, Russia
Marina M. Shulaeva
Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry, FRC Kazan Scientific Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, Arbuzov Str. 8, 420088 Kazan, Russia
Irek R. Nizameev
Department of Nanotechnologies in Electronics, Kazan National Research Technical University Named after A. N. Tupolev—KAI, 10, K. Marx Str., 420111 Kazan, Russia
Marsil K. Kadirov
Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry, FRC Kazan Scientific Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, Arbuzov Str. 8, 420088 Kazan, Russia
Leysan R. Bakhtiozina
Alexander Butlerov Institute of Chemistry, Kazan Federal University, Lobachevsky Str. 1/29, 420008 Kazan, Russia
Vyacheslav E. Semenov
Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry, FRC Kazan Scientific Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, Arbuzov Str. 8, 420088 Kazan, Russia
Igor S. Antipin
Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry, FRC Kazan Scientific Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, Arbuzov Str. 8, 420088 Kazan, Russia
Brain tumor glioblastoma is one of the worst types of cancer. The blood–brain barrier prevents drugs from reaching brain cells and shields glioblastoma from treatment. The creation of nanocarriers to improve drug delivery and internalization effectiveness may be the solution to this issue. In this paper, we report on a new nanocarrier that was developed to deliver the anticancer drug doxorubicin to glioblastoma cells. The nanocarrier was obtained by nanoemulsion polymerization of diallyl disulfide with 1-allylthymine. Diallyl disulfide is a redox-sensitive molecule involved in redox cell activities, and thymine is a uracil derivative and one of the well-known bioactive compounds that can enhance the pharmacological activity of doxorubicin. Doxorubicin was successfully introduced into the nanocarrier with a load capacity of about 4.6%. Biological studies showed that the doxorubicin nanocarrier composition is far more cytotoxic to glioblastoma cells (T98G) than it is to cancer cells (M-HeLa) and healthy cells (Chang liver). The nanocarrier improves the penetration of doxorubicin into T98G cells and accelerates the cells’ demise, as is evident from flow cytometry and fluorescence microscopy data. The obtained nanocarrier, in our opinion, is a promising candidate for further research in glioblastoma therapy.
