Frontiers in Public Health (Mar 2023)

Relationship between air pollution exposure and the progression of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis in Madrid: Chronic respiratory failure, hospitalizations, and mortality. A retrospective study

  • Pablo Mariscal-Aguilar,
  • Pablo Mariscal-Aguilar,
  • Pablo Mariscal-Aguilar,
  • Pablo Mariscal-Aguilar,
  • Luis Gómez-Carrera,
  • Luis Gómez-Carrera,
  • Luis Gómez-Carrera,
  • Luis Gómez-Carrera,
  • Carlos Carpio,
  • Carlos Carpio,
  • Carlos Carpio,
  • Carlos Carpio,
  • Ester Zamarrón,
  • Ester Zamarrón,
  • Ester Zamarrón,
  • Ester Zamarrón,
  • Gema Bonilla,
  • Gema Bonilla,
  • Gema Bonilla,
  • María Fernández-Velilla,
  • María Fernández-Velilla,
  • María Fernández-Velilla,
  • Isabel Torres,
  • Isabel Torres,
  • Isabel Torres,
  • Isabel Esteban,
  • Isabel Esteban,
  • Isabel Esteban,
  • Rita Regojo,
  • Rita Regojo,
  • Rita Regojo,
  • Mariana Díaz-Almirón,
  • Francisco Gayá,
  • Elena Villamañán,
  • Elena Villamañán,
  • Elena Villamañán,
  • Concepción Prados,
  • Concepción Prados,
  • Concepción Prados,
  • Concepción Prados,
  • Rodolfo Álvarez-Sala,
  • Rodolfo Álvarez-Sala,
  • Rodolfo Álvarez-Sala,
  • Rodolfo Álvarez-Sala

DOI
https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2023.1135162
Journal volume & issue
Vol. 11

Abstract

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IntroductionAir pollution has a significant impact on the morbidity and mortality of various respiratory diseases. However, this has not been widely studied in diffuse interstitial lung diseases, specifically in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis.ObjectiveIn this study we aimed to assess the relationship between four major air pollutants individually [carbon monoxide (CO), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), ozone (O3), and nitrogen oxides (NOx)] and the development of chronic respiratory failure, hospitalization due to respiratory causes and mortality in patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis.MethodsWe conducted an exploratory retrospective panel study from 2011 to 2020 in 69 patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis from the pulmonary medicine department of a tertiary hospital. Based on their geocoded residential address, levels of each pollutant were estimated 1, 3, 6, 12, and 36 months prior to each event (chronic respiratory failure, hospital admission and mortality). Data was collected from the air quality monitoring stations of the Community of Madrid located <3.5 km (2.2 miles) from each patient's home.ResultsThe increase in average values of CO [OR 1.62 (1.11–2.36) and OR 1.84 (1.1–3.06)], NO2 [OR 1.64 (1.01–2.66)], and NOx [OR 1.11 (1–1.23) and OR 1.19 (1.03–1.38)] were significantly associated with the probability of developing chronic respiratory failure in different periods. In addition, the averages of NO2, O3, and NOx were significantly associated with the probability of hospital admissions due to respiratory causes and mortality in these patients.ConclusionAir pollution is associated with an increase in the probability of developing chronic respiratory failure, hospitalization due to respiratory causes and mortality in patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis.

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