Biosynthesis of food constituents: Amino acids: 2. The alanine-valine-leucine, serine-cysteine-glycine, and aromatic and heterocyclic amino acids groups - a review

Abstract

This review article gives a survey of principal pathways that lead to the biosynthesis of the proteinogenic amino acids of the alanine-valine-leucine group starting with pyruvic acid from the glycolytic pathway and serine-cysteine-glycine group starting with 3-phospho-d-glyceric acid from the glycolytic pathway. A survey is further given to the aromatic and heterocyclic amino acids (phenylalanine, tyrosine, tryptophan, histidine) starting with 3-phosphoenolpyruvic acid from the glycolytic pathway and d-erythrose 4-phosphate, an intermediate in the pentose phosphate cycle and Calvin cycle.

Keywords

• biosynthesis
• amino acids
• alanine
• valine
• leucine
• serine
• glycine
• cysteine
• phenylalanine
• tyrosine
• tryptophan
• histidine