Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Jan 2022)

Surface-engineered liposomes for dual-drug delivery targeting strategy against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA)

  • Nur Najihah Izzati Mat Rani,
  • Xiang Yi Chen,
  • Zahraa M. Al-Zubaidi,
  • Hanisah Azhari,
  • Tzar Mohd Nizam Khaitir,
  • Pei Yuen Ng,
  • Fhataheya Buang,
  • Geok Chin Tan,
  • Yin Ping Wong,
  • Mazlina Mohd Said,
  • Adeel Masood Butt,
  • Azmy A. Hamid,
  • Mohd Cairul Iqbal Mohd Amin

Journal volume & issue
Vol. 17, no. 1
pp. 102 – 119

Abstract

Read online

This study focused on the encapsulation of vancomycin (VAN) into liposomes coated with a red blood cell membrane with a targeting ligand, daptomycin–polyethylene glycol–1,2-distearoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine, formed by conjugation of DAPT and N-hydroxysuccinimidyl-polyethylene glycol-1,2-distearoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine. This formulation is capable of providing controlled and targeted drug delivery to the bacterial cytoplasm. We performed MALDI-TOF, NMR and FTIR analyses to confirm the conjugation of the targeting ligand via the formation of amide bonds. Approximately 45% of VAN could be loaded into the aqueous cores, whereas 90% DAPT was detected using UV–vis spectrophotometry. In comparison to free drugs, the formulations controlled the release of drugs for > 72 h. Additionally, as demonstrated using CLSM and flow cytometry, the resulting formulation was capable of evading detection by macrophage cells. In comparison to free drugs, red blood cell membrane–DAPT–VAN liposomes, DAPT liposomes, and VAN liposomes reduced the MIC and significantly increased bacterial permeability, resulting in > 80% bacterial death within 4 h. Cytotoxicity tests were performed in vitro and in vivo on mammalian cells, in addition to hemolytic activity tests in human erythrocytes, wherein drugs loaded into the liposomes and RBCDVL exhibited low toxicity. Thus, the findings of this study provide insight about a dual antibiotic targeting strategy that utilizes liposomes and red blood cell membranes to deliver targeted drugs against MRSA.

Keywords