Solar and Wind Energy Integrated System Frequency Control: A Critical Review on Recent Developments
Md. Shafiul Alam,
Tanzi Ahmed Chowdhury,
Abhishak Dhar,
Fahad Saleh Al-Ismail,
M. S. H. Choudhury,
Md Shafiullah,
Md. Ismail Hossain,
Md. Alamgir Hossain,
Aasim Ullah,
Syed Masiur Rahman
Affiliations
Md. Shafiul Alam
Applied Research Center for Environment and Marine Studies, King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals, Dhahran 31261, Saudi Arabia
Tanzi Ahmed Chowdhury
Department of EEE, International Islamic University Chittagong (IIUC), Kumira, Chittagong 4318, Bangladesh
Abhishak Dhar
Department of EEE, International Islamic University Chittagong (IIUC), Kumira, Chittagong 4318, Bangladesh
Fahad Saleh Al-Ismail
Applied Research Center for Environment and Marine Studies, King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals, Dhahran 31261, Saudi Arabia
M. S. H. Choudhury
Department of EEE, International Islamic University Chittagong (IIUC), Kumira, Chittagong 4318, Bangladesh
Md Shafiullah
Interdisciplinary Research Center for Renewable Energy and Power Systems (IRC-REPS), King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals, Dhahran 31261, Saudi Arabia
Md. Ismail Hossain
Interdisciplinary Research Center for Renewable Energy and Power Systems (IRC-REPS), King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals, Dhahran 31261, Saudi Arabia
Md. Alamgir Hossain
Queensland Micro-and Nano-Technology Centre, Griffith University, Nathan, Brisbane 4111, Australia
Aasim Ullah
Department of EEE, International Islamic University Chittagong (IIUC), Kumira, Chittagong 4318, Bangladesh
Syed Masiur Rahman
Applied Research Center for Environment and Marine Studies, King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals, Dhahran 31261, Saudi Arabia
A paradigm shift in power systems is observed due to the massive integration of renewable energy sources (RESs) as distributed generators. Mainly, solar photovoltaic (PV) panels and wind generators are extensively integrated with the modern power system to facilitate green efforts in the electrical energy sector. However, integrating these RESs destabilizes the frequency of the modern power system. Hitherto, the frequency control has not drawn sufficient attention due to the reduced inertia and complex control of power electronic converters associated with renewable energy conversion systems. Thus, this article provides a critical summary on the frequency control of solar PV and wind-integrated systems. The frequency control issues with advanced techniques, including inertia emulation, de-loading, and grid-forming, are summarized. Moreover, several cutting-edge devices in frequency control are outlined. The advantages and disadvantages of different approaches to control the frequency of high-level RESs integrated systems are well documented. The possible improvements of existing approaches are outlined. The key research areas are identified, and future research directions are mentioned so that cutting-edge technologies can be adopted, making the review article unique compared to the existing reviews. The article could be an excellent foundation and guidance for industry personnel, researchers, and academicians.
