Nature Communications (May 2024)
Adjuvant-dependent impact of inactivated SARS-CoV-2 vaccines during heterologous infection by a SARS-related coronavirus
- Jacob A. Dillard,
- Sharon A. Taft-Benz,
- Audrey C. Knight,
- Elizabeth J. Anderson,
- Katia D. Pressey,
- Breantié Parotti,
- Sabian A. Martinez,
- Jennifer L. Diaz,
- Sanjay Sarkar,
- Emily A. Madden,
- Gabriela De la Cruz,
- Lily E. Adams,
- Kenneth H. Dinnon,
- Sarah R. Leist,
- David R. Martinez,
- Alexandra Schäfer,
- John M. Powers,
- Boyd L. Yount,
- Izabella N. Castillo,
- Noah L. Morales,
- Jane Burdick,
- Mia Katrina D. Evangelista,
- Lauren M. Ralph,
- Nicholas C. Pankow,
- Colton L. Linnertz,
- Premkumar Lakshmanane,
- Stephanie A. Montgomery,
- Martin T. Ferris,
- Ralph S. Baric,
- Victoria K. Baxter,
- Mark T. Heise
Affiliations
- Jacob A. Dillard
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
- Sharon A. Taft-Benz
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
- Audrey C. Knight
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
- Elizabeth J. Anderson
- Division of Comparative Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
- Katia D. Pressey
- Division of Comparative Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
- Breantié Parotti
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
- Sabian A. Martinez
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
- Jennifer L. Diaz
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
- Sanjay Sarkar
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
- Emily A. Madden
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
- Gabriela De la Cruz
- Pathology Services Core, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
- Lily E. Adams
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
- Kenneth H. Dinnon
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
- Sarah R. Leist
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
- David R. Martinez
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
- Alexandra Schäfer
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
- John M. Powers
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
- Boyd L. Yount
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
- Izabella N. Castillo
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
- Noah L. Morales
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
- Jane Burdick
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
- Mia Katrina D. Evangelista
- Pathology Services Core, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
- Lauren M. Ralph
- Pathology Services Core, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
- Nicholas C. Pankow
- Pathology Services Core, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
- Colton L. Linnertz
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
- Premkumar Lakshmanane
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
- Stephanie A. Montgomery
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
- Martin T. Ferris
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
- Ralph S. Baric
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
- Victoria K. Baxter
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
- Mark T. Heise
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
- DOI
- https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-024-47450-x
- Journal volume & issue
-
Vol. 15,
no. 1
pp. 1 – 15
Abstract
Abstract Whole virus-based inactivated SARS-CoV-2 vaccines adjuvanted with aluminum hydroxide have been critical to the COVID-19 pandemic response. Although these vaccines are protective against homologous coronavirus infection, the emergence of novel variants and the presence of large zoonotic reservoirs harboring novel heterologous coronaviruses provide significant opportunities for vaccine breakthrough, which raises the risk of adverse outcomes like vaccine-associated enhanced respiratory disease. Here, we use a female mouse model of coronavirus disease to evaluate inactivated vaccine performance against either homologous challenge with SARS-CoV-2 or heterologous challenge with a bat-derived coronavirus that represents a potential emerging disease threat. We show that inactivated SARS-CoV-2 vaccines adjuvanted with aluminum hydroxide can cause enhanced respiratory disease during heterologous infection, while use of an alternative adjuvant does not drive disease and promotes heterologous viral clearance. In this work, we highlight the impact of adjuvant selection on inactivated vaccine safety and efficacy against heterologous coronavirus infection.
