Dual-Energy X-Ray Absorptiometry: Beyond Bone Mineral Density Determination

Abstract

Significant improvements in dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) concerning quality, image resolution and image acquisition time have allowed the development of various functions. DXA can evaluate bone quality by indirect analysis of micro- and macro-architecture of the bone, which and improve the prediction of fracture risk. DXA can also detect existing fractures, such as vertebral fractures or atypical femur fractures, without additional radiologic imaging and radiation exposure. Moreover, it can assess the metabolic status by the measurement of body composition parameters like muscle mass and visceral fat. Although more studies are required to validate and clinically use these parameters, it is clear that DXA is not just for bone mineral densitometry.

Keywords

• Absorptiometry, photon
• Bone quality
• Trabecular bone score
• Hip structural analysis
• Vertebral fracture assessment
• Sarcopenia
• Intra-abdominal fat