Tuberculosis vaccine developments and efficient delivery systems: A comprehensive appraisal
Rasoul Hoseinpour,
Alka Hasani,
Behzad Baradaran,
Jalal Abdolalizadeh,
Roya Salehi,
Akbar Hasani,
Edris Nabizadeh,
Mina Yekani,
Roqaiyeh Hasani,
Hossein Samadi Kafil,
Khalil Azizian,
Mohammad Yousef Memar
Affiliations
Rasoul Hoseinpour
Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Immunology Research Center (IRC), Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Department of Laboratory sciences and Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tabriz, Iran
Alka Hasani
Immunology Research Center (IRC), Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Clinical Research Development Unit, Sina Educational, Research, and Treatment Center, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Corresponding author. Immunology Research Center (IRC), Department of Medical Microbiology and, Clinical Research Development Unit, Sina Educational, Research, and Treatment Center, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
Behzad Baradaran
Immunology Research Center (IRC), Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
Jalal Abdolalizadeh
Drug Applied Research Center and Department of Medical Nanotechnology, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
Roya Salehi
Drug Applied Research Center and Department of Medical Nanotechnology, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
Akbar Hasani
Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Applied Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
Edris Nabizadeh
Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Immunology Research Center (IRC), Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
Mina Yekani
Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran; Student Research Committee, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
Roqaiyeh Hasani
Istanbul Okan University, 34959 Tuzla/İstanbul, Turkey
Hossein Samadi Kafil
Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Drug Applied Research Center and Department of Medical Nanotechnology, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
Khalil Azizian
Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Kurdistan University of Medical Science, Sanandaj, Iran
Mohammad Yousef Memar
Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Corresponding author. Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
Despite the widespread use of the Bacillus Calmette–Guérin (BCG) vaccine, Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) continues to be a global burden. Vaccination has been proposed to prevent and treat tuberculosis (TB) infection, and several of them are in different phases of clinical trials. Though vaccine production is in progress but requires more attention. There are several TB vaccines in the trial phase, most of which are based on a combination of proteins/adjuvants or recombinant viral vectors used for selected MTB antigens. In this review, we attempted to discuss different types of TB vaccines based on the vaccine composition, the immune responses generated, and their clinical trial phases. Furthermore, we have briefly overviewed the effective delivery systems used for the TB vaccine and their effectiveness in different vaccines.
