Известия высших учебных заведений. Поволжский регион: Общественные науки (Apr 2023)
The professional intentions of high school students of the Ulyanovsk region
Abstract
Background. The “attachment” of young people to the profession, integration into the socio-professional structure of modern society do not become less problematic. The choice of profession is carried out in difficult economic conditions, with changing requests of the state and the market for profiles, with expanding the space for independent design of biographies, insignificant improvement of career guidance work. The emerging profession-al intentions of high school students at different stages are subject to various influences and changes. These processes require careful scientific observation, understanding, accounting by interested social actors. The purpose of the study is to analyze the substantive aspects of the professional intentions of high school students in the region, factors of attractiveness of the profession, awareness of some aspects of the profession, and sources of infor-mation. Materials and methods. The study was made on the basis of a sociological study “The professional and educational intentions of high school students of the Ulyanovsk re-gion”. Field stage: November – December 2021. Information collection method: quantita-tive (questionnaire Internet-survey). Results. Nine out of ten high school students intend to enter the university after graduation, which demonstrates the high value of higher educa-tion. The “core” of professions attractive to graduates has become more diverse compared to the 90s and zero years: along with legal and economic professions, there is a high interest in the professions of natural science (medicine), engineering and technical (IT technologies, first of all), power areas related to education, upbringing, work with a person (psychology). Among the motives of preference: substantive aspects of the profession and stratification: remuneration; the focus of labor; compliance of the profession with abilities, interests, character traits; the nature of the work; prestige. Awareness of the chosen profession is dif-ferent: more about the requirements for abilities and personal qualities (updated and the needs of self-knowledge); less – about the content, conditions, remuneration (depend on informing the social environment). In case of non-compliance with expectations, this will increase the negative attitude towards choice, may lead to its change. The information base about the world of professions is considerable, but information carriers are to varying de-grees useful, objective, effective. The channel-leader of information about professions is the Internet ; further – parents, relatives, acquaintances; monitoring the work activities of specialists at their workplace; friends, peers; television. Analysis of information channels depending on the place of residence (city – districts of the region) demonstrates obvious information inequality. The better the student learns, the more they use the Internet and more professional channels of information. With the growth of family income, the ability to make the most of all information channels is growing. Decisive factors of choosing a pro-fession (personal plans, abilities, inclinations, on the one hand, and financial, prestigious, on the other) coming from society can be difficult to compatible, create internal dissonance in children, a situation of extremely difficult choice. Conclusions. The results of the study demonstrated unsustainable, uncertain professional intentions (“doubters” and “at all unde-cided”) in more than 60 % of high school students. The identified problems require intensi-fication of work by interested entities (professional, parents) at the stage of formation of professional intentions of schoolchildren.
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