Low Grade Endotoxemia and Oxidative Stress in Offspring of Patients with Early Myocardial Infarction
Bianca Laura Cinicola,
Ilaria Maria Palumbo,
Arianna Pannunzio,
Roberto Carnevale,
Simona Bartimoccia,
Vittoria Cammisotto,
Martina Capponi,
Giulia Brindisi,
Francesca Salvatori,
Francesco Barillà,
Francesco Martino,
Alessandra D’Amico,
Roberto Poscia,
Alberto Spalice,
Anna Maria Zicari,
Francesco Violi,
Lorenzo Loffredo
Affiliations
Bianca Laura Cinicola
Department of Maternal Infantile and Urological Sciences, Division of Pediatric Allergology and Immunology, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale Regina Elena 324, 00161 Rome, Italy
Ilaria Maria Palumbo
Department of Clinical, Internistic, Anaesthetic and Cardiovascular Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale del Policlinico 155, 00161 Rome, Italy
Arianna Pannunzio
Department of Clinical, Internistic, Anaesthetic and Cardiovascular Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale del Policlinico 155, 00161 Rome, Italy
Roberto Carnevale
Department of Medical-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Sapienza University of Rome, Corso della Repubblica, 79, 04100 Latina, Italy
Simona Bartimoccia
Department of Clinical, Internistic, Anaesthetic and Cardiovascular Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale del Policlinico 155, 00161 Rome, Italy
Vittoria Cammisotto
Department of Clinical, Internistic, Anaesthetic and Cardiovascular Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale del Policlinico 155, 00161 Rome, Italy
Martina Capponi
Department of Maternal Infantile and Urological Sciences, Division of Pediatric Allergology and Immunology, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale Regina Elena 324, 00161 Rome, Italy
Giulia Brindisi
Department of Maternal Infantile and Urological Sciences, Division of Pediatric Allergology and Immunology, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale Regina Elena 324, 00161 Rome, Italy
Francesca Salvatori
Department of Maternal Infantile and Urological Sciences, Division of Pediatric Allergology and Immunology, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale Regina Elena 324, 00161 Rome, Italy
Francesco Barillà
Unit of Cardiology, University Hospital “Tor Vergata”, 00133 Rome, Italy
Francesco Martino
Department of Pediatrics and Pediatric Neuropsychiatry, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro, 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
Alessandra D’Amico
Department of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, University of Rome “Foro Italico”, Piazza Lauro De Bosis, 15, 00135 Rome, Italy
Roberto Poscia
Unita di Ricerca Clinica e Clinical Competence-Direzione Generale, AOU Policlinico Umberto I, 00161 Rome, Italy
Alberto Spalice
Department of Maternal Infantile and Urological Sciences, Division of Pediatric Allergology and Immunology, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale Regina Elena 324, 00161 Rome, Italy
Anna Maria Zicari
Department of Maternal Infantile and Urological Sciences, Division of Pediatric Allergology and Immunology, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale Regina Elena 324, 00161 Rome, Italy
Francesco Violi
Department of Pediatrics and Pediatric Neuropsychiatry, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro, 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
Lorenzo Loffredo
Department of Clinical, Internistic, Anaesthetic and Cardiovascular Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale del Policlinico 155, 00161 Rome, Italy
Background and aims: Offspring of patients with early myocardial infarction are at higher cardiovascular risk, but the underlying physio-pathological mechanism is unclear. NADPH oxidase-type 2 (NOX-2) plays a pivotal role as mediator of oxidative stress and could be involved in activating platelets in these patients. Furthermore, altered intestinal permeability and serum lipopolysaccharide (LPS) could be a trigger to promote NOX-2 activation and platelet aggregation. This study aims to evaluate the behavior of low grade endotoxemia, oxidative stress and platelet activation in offspring of patients with early myocardial infarction. Methods: We enrolled, in a cross-sectional study, 46 offspring of patients with early myocardial infarction and 86 healthy subjects (HS). LPS levels and gut permeability (assessed by zonulin), oxidative stress (assessed by serum NOX-2-derived peptide (sNOX2-dp) release, hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) production and isoprostanes), serum nitric oxide (NO) bioavailability and platelet activation (by serum thromboxane B2 (TXB2) and soluble P-Selectin (sP-Selectin)) were analyzed. Results: Compared to HS, offspring of patients with early myocardial infarction had higher values of LPS, zonulin, serum isoprostanes, sNOX2-dp H2O2, TXB2, p-selectin and lower NO bioavailability. Logistic regression analysis showed that the variables associated with offspring of patients with early myocardial infarction were LPS, TXB2 and isoprostanes. The multiple linear regression analysis confirmed that serum NOX-2, isoprostanes, p-selectin and H2O2 levels were significantly associated to LPS. Furthermore, serum LPS, isoprostanes and TXB2 levels were significantly associated with sNOX-2-dp. Conclusions: Offspring of patients with early myocardial infarction have a low grade endotoxemia that could generate oxidative stress and platelet activation increasing their cardiovascular risk. Future studies are needed to understand the role of dysbiosis in this population.
