Инфекция и иммунитет (May 2022)
Decreased beta-defensin-2 level in the gingival crevicular fluid as a potential predictor for developing inflammatory periodontal diseases
Abstract
-defensin-2 (HBD-2) is a peptide of innate immunity that provides the first defenсe line in the oral mucosa against invading pathobionts. Under inflammatory conditions, epithelial cells and gingival fibroblasts produce HBD-2. The defective defensin secretion may play a crucial role in the development of inflammatory periodontal diseases. The study was aimed at comparing HBD-2 levels in the gingival fluid and/or periodontal pockets in patients with dental plaque-induced gingivitis (PG), aggressive periodontitis (AgP), chronic generalized periodontitis (CP) and in the periodontally healthy subjects (Control). We examined 142 patients (45.01.03 years) residing in Moscow, including 11 patients with PG (35.73.69 years), 43 patients with AgP (35.40.84 years), 71 patients with CP (54.40.86 years) and 17 controls (36.12.92 years). We assessed the periodontal tissue condition in all patients during the periodontal and X-ray examination. The samples of the gingival crevicular fluid and periodontal pocket contents were collected from the gingival sulcus and periodontal pockets at 8 teeth of both jaws by paper points. The concentration (C) of -defensin-2 was determined by enzyme immunoassay (ELISA Kit for Defensin Beta 2, Cloud-Clone Corp., USA). MannWhitney U-test (U), the KruskalWallis test (H) and the DwassSteelCritchlowFligner post hoc test (W) analyzed a difference significance between the parameters. We estimated the parameter relationship and its power by using the Spearmanʼs rank correlation coefficient (rS). The critical significance level was p 0.05. The current study showed that the progression of the periodontal inflammation is accompanied by sharply decreased HBD-2 concentration in patient samples (H = 42.8, df = 3, р 0.001). Thus, the concentration of HBD-2 in the gingival crevicular fluid of the periodontally healthy subjects (control group) ranged from 225 to 1720 pg/ml (C = 738 [477; 1114] pg/ml). In patients with PG, the median value of peptide concentration was 242 [42.5; 610] pg/ml (Cmin = 19 pg/ml, Cmax = 1000 pg/ml). In patients with periodontitis, it declined to critically low levels: CAgP = 54 [3; 195] pg/ml (Cmin = 0, Cmax = 478 pg/ml) and ССP = 25.5 [0; 125] pg/ml (Cmin = 0, Cmax = 298 pg/ml). Thus, we can consider the level of HBD-2 in the gingival crevicular fluid as a potential predictor for developing inflammatory periodontal diseases.
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