THE EFFECT OF ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITIES, AVAILABILITY OF INFRASTRUCTURE, POSITIVE CULTURE, AND CAPITAL ACCUMULATION ON DEPTH / POVERTY GAP IN BALI PROVINCE, INDONESIA

Abstract

Poverty Eradication is one of the programs of SDGs (Sustainable Development Goals) implemented in all countries that ratify the SDGs Program which begins in 2015. The SDGs program shows that poverty alleviation programs are one of the countries' concerns to be abolished. This condition reflects that poverty alleviation programs are the concern of the world community to be abolished. Various poverty alleviation programs have been undertaken by the government to reduce the number and percentage of the poor. But until now the phenomenon of poverty still exist. The aims of this research are 1) to analyze the difference of depth/gap of poverty level in regency/city by region of development that are in South Bali, North Bali, and East Bali; 2) To analyze the effect of economic opportunity, infrastructure availability, internal condition (positive culture), and capital accumulation on the depth/gap of poverty in Bali Province; 3) Analyze the role of capital accumulation in moderating the influence of internal conditions (positive culture) on the depth/gap of poverty in Bali Province. The study was conducted in all districts/cities with the number of respondents in each district/city as many as 30 people of the poor, bringing the total of 270 respondents throughout Bali Province. Sampling technique to be used is a combination of snow ball sampling with accidental sampling and purposive sampling. Methods of data collection used were observation, interview, and in-depth interview. Analytical techniques used are Anova and the MRA (Moderating Regression Analysis). The results of the analysis show that: 1) There are significant differences in depth/gap of poverty rate according to the development areas of South Bali, North Bali and East Bali; 2) Two variables, namely internal condition (positive culture), and the capital accumulation have negatively affect on the depth/gap of poverty, but economic opportunity and infrastructure availability have no significant effect on the depth/gap of poverty in Bali Province 3) Capital accumulation moderates (reinforces) the influence of internal conditions (positive culture) on the depth/gap of poverty in Bali Province. Taking into account the results of this analysis, then the accumulation of capital into strategic variables in reducing the level of poverty that can be intervened by the government and others.

Keywords

• Poverty
• depth/gap
• economic opportunity
• capital accumulation