Modification of Zirconia Implant Surfaces by Nd:YAG Laser Grooves: Does It Change Cell Behavior?
Mariana Brito da Cruz,
Joana Faria Marques,
Ana Filipa Silva Marques,
Sara Madeira,
Óscar Carvalho,
Filipe Silva,
João Caramês,
António Duarte Sola Pereira da Mata
Affiliations
Mariana Brito da Cruz
Oral Biology and Biochemistry Research Group, Unidade de Investigação em Ciências Orais e Biomédicas (UICOB), Faculdade de Medicina Dentária, Universidade de Lisboa, 1000 Lisboa, Portugal
Joana Faria Marques
Oral Biology and Biochemistry Research Group, Unidade de Investigação em Ciências Orais e Biomédicas (UICOB), Faculdade de Medicina Dentária, Universidade de Lisboa, 1000 Lisboa, Portugal
Ana Filipa Silva Marques
Oral Biology and Biochemistry Research Group, Unidade de Investigação em Ciências Orais e Biomédicas (UICOB), Faculdade de Medicina Dentária, Universidade de Lisboa, 1000 Lisboa, Portugal
Sara Madeira
Center for Microelectromechanical Systems (CMEMS), Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Minho, 4800 Guimarães, Portugal
Óscar Carvalho
Center for Microelectromechanical Systems (CMEMS), Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Minho, 4800 Guimarães, Portugal
Filipe Silva
Center for Microelectromechanical Systems (CMEMS), Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Minho, 4800 Guimarães, Portugal
João Caramês
Bone Physiology Research Group, LIBPhys, Laboratory for Instrumentation, Biomedical Engineering and Radiation Physics, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Universidade de Lisboa, 1000 Lisboa, Portugal
António Duarte Sola Pereira da Mata
Oral Biology and Biochemistry Research Group, Unidade de Investigação em Ciências Orais e Biomédicas (UICOB), Faculdade de Medicina Dentária, Universidade de Lisboa, 1000 Lisboa, Portugal
The aim of this study was to evaluate gingival fibroblasts and human osteoblasts’ response to textured Nd:YAG laser microgrooves, with different dimensions, on zirconia implant surfaces. A total of 60 zirconia disks (8 mm in diameter and 2 mm in thickness) were produced and divided between four study groups (N = 15): three laser-textured (widths between 125.07 ± 5.29 μm and 45.36 ± 2.37 μm and depth values from 50.54 ± 2.48 μm to 23.01 ± 3.79 μm) and a control group without laser treatment. Human osteoblasts and gingival fibroblasts were cultured on these surfaces for 14 days. FEG-SEM (Field Emission Gun–Scanning Electron Microscope) images showed cellular adhesion at 24 h, with comparable morphology in all samples for both cell types. A similar cell spreading within the grooves and in the space between them was observed. Cell viability increased over time in all study groups; however, no differences were found between them. Additionally, proliferation, ALP (Alkaline phosphatase) activity, collagen type I, osteopontin and interleukin levels were not significantly different between any of the study groups for any of the cell types. Analysis of variance to compare parameters effect did not reveal statistically significant differences when comparing all groups in the different tests performed. The results obtained revealed similar cell behavior based on cell viability and differentiation on different microtopographic laser grooves, compared to a microtopography only established by sandblasting and acid-etching protocol, the reference surface treatment on zirconia dental implants.
