Identification of the NADPH Oxidase (Nox) Subtype and the Source of Superoxide Production in the Micturition Centre

Abstract

Oxidative inflammatory damage to specialised brain centres may lead to dysfunction of their associated peripheral organs, such as the bladder. However, the source of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in specific brain regions that regulate bladder function is poorly understood. Of all ROS-generating enzymes, the NADPH oxidase (Nox) family produces ROS as its sole function and offers an advantage over other enzymes as a drug-targetable molecule to selectively control excessive ROS. We investigated whether the Nox 2 subtype is expressed in the micturition regulatory periaqueductal gray (PAG) and Barrington’s nucleus (pontine micturition centre, PMC) and examined Nox-derived ROS production in these structures. C57BL/6J mice were used; PAG, PMC, cardiac tissue, and aorta were isolated. Western blot determined Nox 2 expression. Lucigenin-enhanced chemiluminescence quantified real-time superoxide production. Western blot experiments demonstrated the presence of Nox 2 in PAG and PMC. There was significant NADPH-dependent superoxide production in both brain tissues, higher than that in cardiac tissue. Superoxide generation in these brain tissues was significantly suppressed by the Nox inhibitor diphenyleneiodonium (DPI) and also reduced by the Nox-2 specific inhibitor GSK2795039, comparable to aorta. These data provide the first evidence for the presence of Nox 2 and Nox-derived ROS production in micturition centres.

Keywords

• NADPH oxidase (Nox)
• periaqueductal gray (PAG)
• pontine micturition centre (PMC)
• reactive oxygen species (ROS)
• bladder
• aging