Granì (Jun 2016)
Political participation of civil society and world e-democracy development: to the problem of effective implementation
Abstract
In the article is analyzed the impact of electronic democracy on the political participation of civil society, determined the effectiveness of the implementation of ICT in democracy development. Among the priorities of Ukrainian way to European community - information society construction. An important stage of information society development is the implementation of international practices of e-democracy. It will promote transparency and openness, modernization of public administration. As a result, civil society will be able to participate in decision-making at all levels. In this article, the author also examines the possibilities of information communication technology and e-government to enhance democracy. The author summarizes the known problems of representative democracy and direct democracy and inquire whether e-government potentially can offer solutions to these problems. The author concludes that many problems in both representative and direct democracies remain unsolved and that e-government even can create new problems. For more than two decades now, modernization of the public sector with the aim of increasing service quality and productivity has been on the political agenda. The modernization ideology broke through in the early 1980s and was advocated and spread out in particular by the big consultancy firms and the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development. In many government modernization programs, for instance the United Kingdom Action Plan, information communication technology (ICT) plays a central role, a role that it had begun to play since the 1990s. The effect of ICT on modernization processes within public administrations is partly passive and partly active. Alternatively, as the French government put it: Organizational and managerial changes within enterprises have been very numerous during the last twenty years. Not all of these were caused by the introduction of new technologies. However, a good part of them had not been possible if information management systems and infrastructures for communication were not gradually introduced throughout the period. The development of e-government is usually thought to consist of a sequence of distinct steps. A number of models exist next to each other, but all agree that the first two steps consist of presence of government or governmental institutions on the web followed by the possibility of transactions with government by citizens and businesses, whereas the third (and further) step(s) involve(s) interactive government.
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