Бюллетень Почвенного института им. В.В. Докучаева (May 2016)
The monitoring of changes of properties of virgin solonetz at djanybek stationary according to the data of micromorphologic investigations
Abstract
The specificity of stationary is in the possibilities of direct investigation of micro- or particular (according to A. A. Rode) processes on relatively small homogenous (stationary) soil area which stayed unchanged for 10 years and more. The results of comparative analysis of macro-and micromorphologic properties of basic genetic layers of Gypsic Salic Solonetz (Albic, Siltic, Columnic, Cutanic, Differentic) are presented. On the basis of these results, the trends of major elementary soil forming processes are settled for the last 11 years (2002-2013) on Djanybek stationary. In general, the direction of elementary soil forming processes has been preserved since 1982. Such a conclusion may be made on a basis of pattern of changes of diagnostic elements of microcomposition (microforms of the organic matter, the amount of plant residues, the state and composition of fine matter, the character and relative composition of different soil new formations (gypsic, carbonatic, humic and ferric, and ferro-manganese)). According to the changes of micro-specificities which were marked within the over-solonetzic and solonetzic layers, there occurs the intensification of the following processes: humus accumulative, biogenic and cryogenic aggregation; the migration of clayey-humic fine matter; the cracking of the soil and penetration of organic matter and plant roots into solonetzic layers; the active assimilation of illuvial cutanas into the interped mass. The under-solonetzic layers are characterized by the compaction of the soil material due to the destruction of the pseudo-soil microaggregates with the emergence of the massive dusty-clayey- carbonatic mass with ferric micro-patterns and carbonatic cutanas. The increasing of moistening in the sub-solonetzic layers is, supposedly, connected with periodic local wetting in lateral cracks on the background of the fixed increasing of the amount of precipitations during the spring and summer. The emergence of the low amount of the number of mobile salt neoformations (gypsic and carbonatic) is related to biogenic pore channels and is connected to the destructive indraught of solutions. The strong and long-termed moistening within the transitional layer to the parent rock due to the capillary indraught of the ground waters, located close to this layer, promotes forming of large gypsic neoformations and increasing of migration of iron and manganese. Also it is accompanied with forming of numerous dendritic neoformations at the local changes of oxidation-reduction potential around the biogenic pores.
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