مطالعات مدیریت راهبردی (Sep 2021)
Designing an Intellectual Capital Implementation Model in Knowledge-Based Companies
Abstract
Aim and Introduction: The nature of competition between organizations has changed in recent years, and companies must have competitive advantages to improve performance and compete with competitors; Because they have shifted their focus from investing on tangible resources to investing on intangible resources. One of the intangible resources in the organization is intellectual capital. One of the components of intangible assets is intellectual capital, which has an important impact on the performance and implementation of strategic goals of organizations. Intellectual capital is the main factor in creating value in companies, and organizations with effective control over these assets in addition to dynamic and active management within the organization can have successful external organizational relationships with society, stakeholders, and people.On the other hand, organizations are entering a knowledge-based economy, an economy in which knowledge and intangible assets are recognized as the most important competitive advantages of organizations. Creativity, organizational reputation, organizational capacity, relationships with customers, suppliers, information technology, etc. Knowledge-based companies play an important role in the economic growth and development of the country by emphasizing intangible assets and providing innovative products and services based on high technologies. Supporting knowledge-based companies as the rulers of science and technology in the country is the most important solution that can achieve this lofty goal. Intellectual capital is one of the most important and instructive capitals in knowledge-based companies, which also achieves good results in the long term. Therefore, the implementation of intellectual capital in knowledge-based companies is very important. So, the main purpose of this study is to provide a model for the implementation of intellectual capital in knowledge-based companies.Methodology: This research is an applied research in terms of purpose. And is considered as survey and descriptive research. In this study, a questionnaire was used to collect data. The different parts and criteria of the questionnaire are obtained from library studies. Interview and panel format, metrics and indicators were finalized. Therefore, the main tools of this research include two researcher-made questionnaires, one of which is designed by interpretive structural equations and the other questionnaire with hourly and fuzzy spectrum is designed that the validity of these questionnaires was reviewed and confirmed by experts.Findings: In this study, the opinions of 15 experts from knowledge-based companies and academic experts were used using the Delphi method in 3 panels to saturate the opinions of experts, and the components, indicators and criteria were finalized. The agent of knowledge-based companies was tested. And through interpretive structural analysis, levels and relationships between variables were identified and examined, and for better interpretation of variables and its sub-components in this section, the fuzzy AHP method has been used to determine the importance of the components well and correctly.Discussion and Conclusion: The proposed model consists of five levels. At the fifth level of the model, which is the lowest level available, the proposal of the present model for the implementation of intellectual capital in knowledge-based companies is to create an appropriate attitude and as followed formulate effective goals and strategies. Also, the required infrastructure and structure must be created and specified in this step, which is the first step. Therefore, knowledge-based companies in order to implement intellectual capital in their companies on the first step, must create the infrastructure in accordance with the goals and strategies, and by formulating the structure, the required items must be identified.In the second stage, according to the defined structure and goals, the processes must be identified and the organizational culture must be formed in its format. In the third stage, by using the considered infrastructure and the existing structure and processes, with focusing on creativity, innovation and knowledge, and by taking steps to attract qualified and specialized personnel, with a research and development approach, proceed to implement intellectual capital in knowledge-based companies.In the fourth stage, information systems for better knowledge management in the organization should be implemented and with the aim of supporting innovation, communication with government and business organizations and suppliers. In the last stage, by communicating with customers and supervising competitors, increase the quality and thus, inspired by innovations and creativity, to increase the intellectual capital in knowledge-based companies.The results indicate that infrastructure factors and having long-term goals and plans are the starting point for the implementation of intellectual capital in knowledge-based companies.
