The current state of soybean production and its size-mass indicators in the conditions of Uzbekistan

Abstract

Soybeans are a valuable crop, yet in Uzbekistan, the cultivation area is small, covering approximately 150,000 hectares. The main reasons are the lack of suitable soybean varieties for the local climate, water scarcity, and competition for land with other crops. Harvesting is a critical process, and in Uzbekistan, combine harvesters are commonly used. To prevent damage during harvesting, it is essential to understand the size-mass indicators of soybeans grown in Uzbekistan. Experiments have shown that the height of soybeans during harvesting varies from an average of 63 to 99 cm, depending on the variety and cultivation methods. The average lower stem diameter ranges from 4.1 to 7.1 mm, and the pod height varies from 15 cm for the Oyjamol and Amigo varieties to 6 cm for the Selekta variety. The height of the plant is 21.0 to 29.8 pods per bush, and the grain-to-stem ratio is 1:1.1 to 1:1.8. These indicators are crucial for adjusting the working parts of harvesters to optimal operating modes, minimizing damage during harvesting. The lack of suitable soybean varieties for the local climate and water scarcity are significant challenges that must be addressed to increase the cultivation area of soybeans in Uzbekistan.