Double HEVC Compression Detection with Different Bitrates Based on Co-occurrence Matrix of PU Types and DCT Coefficients

Abstract

Detection of double video compression is of particular importance in video forensics, as it reveals partly the video processing history. In this paper, a double compression method is proposed for HEVC–the latest video coding standard. Firstly, four 5×5 co-occurrence matrixes were derived from DCT coefficients along four directions respectively, i.e., horizontal, vertical, main diagonal and minor diagonal. Then four 4×4 co-occurrence matrixes were derived from PU types which are innovative features of HEVC and rarely been utilized by researchers. Finally, these two feature set are combined and sent to support vector machine (SVM) to detect re-compressed videos. In order to reduce the feature dimension, only the co-occurrence matrixes of DCT coefficients and PU types in horizontal direction are adopted to identify whether the video has undergone double compression. Experimental results show the effectiveness and the robustness against frame deletion of the proposed scheme.