Phytochemical Analysis, Antioxidant, Antimicrobial, and Cytotoxic Activity of Different Extracts of <i>Xanthoparmelia stenophylla</i> Lichen from Stara Planina, Serbia
Aleksandar Kocovic,
Jovana Jeremic,
Jovana Bradic,
Miroslav Sovrlic,
Jovica Tomovic,
Perica Vasiljevic,
Marijana Andjic,
Nevena Draginic,
Mirjana Grujovic,
Katarina Mladenovic,
Dejan Baskic,
Suzana Popovic,
Sanja Matic,
Vladimir Zivkovic,
Nevena Jeremic,
Vladimir Jakovljevic,
Nedeljko Manojlovic
Affiliations
Aleksandar Kocovic
Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia
Jovana Jeremic
Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia
Jovana Bradic
Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia
Miroslav Sovrlic
Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia
Jovica Tomovic
Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia
Perica Vasiljevic
Department of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Sciences and Mathematics, University of Niš, 18000 Niš, Serbia
Marijana Andjic
Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia
Nevena Draginic
Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia
Mirjana Grujovic
Department of Science, Institute for Information Technologies, University of Kragujevac, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia
Katarina Mladenovic
Department of Science, Institute for Information Technologies, University of Kragujevac, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia
Dejan Baskic
Centre for Molecular Medicine and Stem Cell Research, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia
Suzana Popovic
Centre for Molecular Medicine and Stem Cell Research, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia
Sanja Matic
Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia
Vladimir Zivkovic
Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia
Nevena Jeremic
Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia
Vladimir Jakovljevic
Department of Human Pathology, IM Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), 119991 Moscow, Russia
Nedeljko Manojlovic
Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia
The aim of this study was to identify some of the secondary metabolites present in acetonic, methanolic, and hexanic extracts of lichen Xanthoparmelia stenophylla and to examine their antioxidant, antimicrobial, and cytotoxic activity. Compounds of the depsid structure of lecanoric acid, obtusic acid, and atranorin as well as usnic acid with a dibenzofuran structure were identified in the extracts by HPLC. The acetone extract was shown to have the highest total phenolic (167.03 ± 1.12 mg GAE/g) and total flavonoid content (178.84 ± 0.93 mg QE/g) as well as the best antioxidant activity (DPPH IC50 = 81.22 ± 0.54). However, the antimicrobial and antibiofilm tests showed the best activity of hexanic extract, especially against strains of B. cereus, B. subtilis, and S. aureus (MIC 50 = 21.17 ± 1.85 and IC50 = 21.48 ± 3.55, respectively). The promising antioxidant, antimicrobial, and cytotoxic effects of Xanthoparmelia stenophylla extracts shown in the current study should be further investigated in vivo and under clinical conditions.
