Лечащий Врач (Nov 2022)
Nutritional support as an integral part of the management of a patient with stroke in the acute stage of the disease and at the stage of rehabilitation
Abstract
This article reveals the features and consequences of nutritional deficiency for the condition of stroke patients, shows the importance of nutritional support both in the acute stage of the disease and at the stage of rehabilitation. One of the factors that worsen the rehabilitation potential after a stroke is nutritional deficiency, which increases the risk of adverse outcomes in patients with stroke, and therefore nutrition should be the focus of attention of specialists involved in rehabilitation treatment. Nutritional deficiency has the following negative impact directly on the process of recovery of a patient after a stroke: a decrease in the degree of recovery of motor functions, a decrease in the degree of recovery of cognitive functions, a low level of social adaptation, a low level of quality of life. 50% of stroke patients are malnourished upon admission to rehabilitation centers. Conducting parenteral nutrition for more than three days is fraught with serious complications due to the lack of a stimulating effect of food. Whenever possible, the choice of nutritional support should lean towards enteral nutrition. Enteral nutrition during the recovery period of a stroke is aimed at solving the problems of preventing the development of malnutrition and complications caused by this malnutrition, therapeutic nutrition is a component of therapy in order to improve its tolerance, has a psychologically beneficial effect – accelerating socialization and the possibility of returning to normal nutrition. The article presents the features and principles of the implementation of various methods of nutrition in patients who have had a stroke. Particular attention is paid to the method of siping nutrition, carried out at the stage of rehabilitation, the main criteria for choosing the optimal mixture for such nutrition are given, the effectiveness of using a nutrient mixture for this purpose, which most fully meets all the requirements for such mixtures presented in the article, is substantiated.
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