Synthesis, Structural Investigations, and In Vitro/In Silico Bioactivities of Flavonoid Substituted Biguanide: A Novel Schiff Base and Its Diorganotin (IV) Complexes
Zahoor Abbas,
Manoj Kumar,
Hardeep Singh Tuli,
Essam M. Janahi,
Shafiul Haque,
Steve Harakeh,
Kuldeep Dhama,
Pallvi Aggarwal,
Mehmet Varol,
Anita Rani,
Shashi Sharma
Affiliations
Zahoor Abbas
Department of Chemistry, Maharishi Markandeshwar University, Sadopur, Ambala 134007, India
Manoj Kumar
Department of Chemistry, Maharishi Markandeshwar University, Sadopur, Ambala 134007, India
Hardeep Singh Tuli
Department of Biotechnology, Maharishi Markandeshwar Engineering College, Maharishi Markandeshwar (Deemed to Be) University, Mullana, Ambala 133207, India
Essam M. Janahi
Independent Researcher, Building 1848, Road 7542, Al Janabiyah 0575, Bahrain
Shafiul Haque
Research and Scientific Studies Unit, College of Nursing and Allied Health Sciences, Jazan University, Jazan 45142, Saudi Arabia
Steve Harakeh
King Fahd Medical Research Center, Yousef Abdullatif Jameel Chair of Prophetic Medicine Application, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
Kuldeep Dhama
Division of Pathology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Bareilly 243122, India
Pallvi Aggarwal
Department of Chemistry, Pt. CLS Govt. College, Karnal 132001, India
Mehmet Varol
Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Science, Kotekli Campus, Mugla Sitki Kocman University, Mugla TR48000, Turkey
Anita Rani
Department of Chemistry, IEC University, Baddi 174103, India
Shashi Sharma
Department of Chemistry, Dyal Singh College, Karnal 132001, India
Quercetin is one of the most powerful bioactive dietary flavonoids. The in vivo biological study of quercetin is extremely difficult due to its very low solubility. However, diorganotin complexes of quercetin are more useful when contrasted with quercetin due to increased solubility. In the present study, quercetin, substituted biguanide synthesized in the form of Schiff base and its di-alkyl/aryl tin (IV) complexes were obtained by condensing Schiff base with respective di-alkyl/aryl tin (IV) dichloride. Advanced analytical techniques were used for structural elucidation. The results of biological screening against Gram-positive/Gram-negative bacteria and fungi showed that these diorganotin (IV) derivatives act as potent antimicrobial agents. The in silico investigation with dihydropteroate (DHPS) disclosed a large ligand–receptor interaction and revealed a strong relationship between the natural exercises and computational molecular docking results.
