Sub-MIC streptomycin and tetracycline enhanced Staphylococcus aureus Guangzhou-SAU749 biofilm formation, an in-depth study on transcriptomics
Junyan Liu,
Tengyi Huang,
Zhenbo Xu,
Yuzhu Mao,
Thanapop Soteyome,
Gongliang Liu,
Chunyun Qu,
Lei Yuan,
Qin Ma,
Fang Zhou,
Gamini Seneviratne
Affiliations
Junyan Liu
College of Light Industry and Food Science, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Lingnan Specialty Food Science and Technology, Academy of Contemporary Agricultural Engineering Innovations, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, 510225, China; Key Laboratory of Green Processing and Intelligent Manufacturing of Lingnan Specialty Food, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou, 510225, China
Tengyi Huang
Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China
Zhenbo Xu
Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China; Corresponding author. Department of Laboratory Medicine, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China.
Yuzhu Mao
School of Food Science and Engineering, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Green Processing of Natural Products and Product Safety, Engineering Research Center of Starch and Vegetable Protein Processing Ministry of Education, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, China
Thanapop Soteyome
Home Economics Technology, Rajamangala University of Technology Phra Nakhon, Bangkok, Thailand
Gongliang Liu
College of Light Industry and Food Science, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Lingnan Specialty Food Science and Technology, Academy of Contemporary Agricultural Engineering Innovations, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, 510225, China; Key Laboratory of Green Processing and Intelligent Manufacturing of Lingnan Specialty Food, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou, 510225, China
Chunyun Qu
College of Light Industry and Food Science, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Lingnan Specialty Food Science and Technology, Academy of Contemporary Agricultural Engineering Innovations, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, 510225, China; Key Laboratory of Green Processing and Intelligent Manufacturing of Lingnan Specialty Food, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou, 510225, China
Lei Yuan
School of Food Science and Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225127, PR China
Qin Ma
Sericultural & Agri-Food Research Institute Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Functional Foods, Ministry of Agriculture /Guangdong Key Laboratory of Agricultural Products Processing, Guangzhou, 510610, China
Fang Zhou
The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yan-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
Gamini Seneviratne
National Institute of Fundamental Studies, Hantana road, Kandy, Sri Lanka
Staphylococcus aureus is a major human pathogen, a potential “Super-bug” and a typical biofilm forming bacteria. With usage of large amount of antibiotics, the residual antibiotics in clinical settings further complicate the colonization, pathogenesis and resistance of S. aureus. This study aimed at investigating the phenotypical and global gene expression changes on biofilm formation of a clinical S. aureus isolate treated under different types of antibiotics. Firstly, an isolate Guangzhou-SAU749 was selected from a large sale of previously identified S. aureus isolates, which exhibited weak biofilm formation in terms of biomass and viability. Secondly, 9 commonly prescribed antibiotics for S. aureus infections treatment, together with 10 concentrations ranging from 1/128 to 4 minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) with 2-fold serial dilution, were used as different antibiotic stress conditions. Then, biofilm formation of S. aureus Guangzhou-SAU749 at different stages including 8 h, 16 h, 24 h, and 48 h, was tested by crystal violet and MTS assays. Thirdly, the whole genome of S. aureus Guangzhou-SAU749 was investigated by genome sequencing on PacBio platform. Fourthly, since enhancement of biofilm formation occurred when treated with 1/2 MIC tetracycline (TCY) and 1/4 MIC streptomycin (STR) since 5 h, the relevant biofilm samples were selected and subjected to RNA-seq and bioinformatics analysis. Last, expression of two component system (TCS) and biofilm associated genes in 4 h, 8 h, 16 h, 24 h, and 48 h sub-MIC TCY and STR treated biofilm samples were performed by reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR). Although most antibiotics lowered the biomass and cell viability of Guangzhou-SAU749 biofilm at concentrations higher than MIC, certain antibiotics including TCY and STR promoted biofilm formation at sub-MICs. Additionally, upon genome sequencing, RNA-seq and RT-qPCR on biofilm samples treated with sub-MIC of TCY and STR at key time points, genes lytR, arlR, hssR, tagA, clfB, atlA and cidA related to TCS and biofilm formation were identified to contribute to the enhanced biofilm formation, providing a theoretical basis for further controlling on S. aureus biofilm formation.
