Impact of preoperative clinical and imaging factors on post-pericardiectomy outcomes in chronic constrictive pericarditis patients

Abstract

Abstract The present study was designed to identify the preoperative clinical and imaging findings influencing adverse clinical outcomes in patients with chronic constrictive pericarditis after pericardiectomy. Patients with constrictive pericarditis who underwent pericardiectomy between January 2009 and September 2023 were retrospectively analyzed. Preoperative evaluations included assessments of clinical symptoms, comorbidities, laboratory tests, cardiac computed tomography (CT), and transthoracic echocardiography. The volume of pericardial calcifications was quantified on calcium scoring CT. Adverse clinical events were defined as cardiovascular death or hospitalization due to cardiac causes, and all-cause mortality was assessed. Univariable and multivariable Cox proportional hazard model analysis were performed to find factors associated with adverse clinical events. Among the 91 patients with available preoperative CT scans, 26 (28.6%) experienced adverse clinical events after pericardiectomy, with 19 (20.9%) experiencing cardiovascular deaths. On multivariable Cox analysis, larger pericardial calcium volume hazard ratio [HR], 1.004 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.001–1.006) per 1cm3 increase; p = 0.005), higher E/E’ ratio (HR, 1.059, 95% CI, 1.015–1.105, p = 0.008), and lower albumin level (HR, 0.476, 95% CI, 0.229–0.986, p = 0.046) were significant factors associated with the adverse clinical events after pericardiectomy. The amount of pericardial calcification could be associated with the efficacy of pericardiectomy and potentially have implications for postoperative outcomes. Additionally, a high E/E ratio on echocardiography is indicative of unfavorable postoperative prognosis.

Keywords

• Constrictive pericarditis
• Computed tomography
• Pericardial calcification
• Pericardiectomy
• Echocardiography