Odds and associated factors for thrombosis development among Lebanese COVID-19 patients: a case–control retrospective study

Abstract

ABSTRACTBackground Thromboembolism is reported to be up to 27% in COVID-19 patients due to SARS-CoV-2 infection. Dysregulated systemic inflammation and various patient traits play a vital role in thrombosis progression.Purpose To assess odds and associated factors for thrombosis development among Lebanese COVID-19 patients.Methods This was a case–control retrospective study conducted in January–May 2021. Patients infected with COVID-19 and developed thrombosis were classified as cases and patients who were thrombosis-free identified as control. A questionnaire assessed socio-demographics, clinical parameters, and WHO COVID-19 disease severity.Results Among 267 patients, 26 (9.7%) developed thrombosis and the majority of thrombosis 34.6% was myocardial infarction, and the least (3.8%) was for catheter-related thrombosis. Results showed that the risk of thrombosis development is higher in patients with previous thromboembolic event (OR = 9.160) and previous intake of anti-hypertensive medications at home (OR = 3.116). However, females (OR = 0.330; CI: 0.118–0.925), intake of anticoagulants during hospital admission (OR = 0.126; CI: 0.053–0.300) and non-severe COVID-19 were at lower thrombosis risk (OR = 0.273). Patients who developed thromboembolic events had longer hospital stay (OR = 0.077).Conclusion Patients with COVID-19 and thromboembolism were at higher risk of mortality as compared to patients with COVID-19 but without thromboembolism. The use of anticoagulants significantly reduced the risk for thromboembolism.

Keywords

• COVID-19
• thromboembolism
• factors associated
• death
• hospitalisation