Scaffold Using Chitosan, Agarose, Cellulose, Dextran and Protein for Tissue Engineering—A Review
Antony V. Samrot,
Mahendran Sathiyasree,
Sadiq Batcha Abdul Rahim,
Robinson Emilin Renitta,
Kasirajan Kasipandian,
Sivasuriyan Krithika Shree,
Deenadhayalan Rajalakshmi,
Nagarajan Shobana,
Shanmugaboopathi Dhiva,
Sasi Abirami,
Sridevi Visvanathan,
Basanta Kumar Mohanty,
Gokul Shankar Sabesan,
Suresh V. Chinni
Affiliations
Antony V. Samrot
School of Bioscience, Faculty of Medicine, Bioscience and Nursing, MAHSA University, Jalan SP2, Bandar Saujana Putra, Jenjarom 42610, Selangor, Malaysia
Mahendran Sathiyasree
Department of Biotechnology, School of Bio and Chemical Engineering Sathyabama Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai 600119, Tamil Nadu, India
Sadiq Batcha Abdul Rahim
Faculty of Engineering, Built Environment and IT, MAHSA University, Jalan SP2, Bandar Saujana Putra, Jenjarom 42610, Selangor, Malaysia
Robinson Emilin Renitta
Department of Food Processing, Karunya Institute of Technology and Science, Coimbatore 641114, Tamil Nadu, India
Kasirajan Kasipandian
Faculty of Engineering, Built Environment and IT, MAHSA University, Jalan SP2, Bandar Saujana Putra, Jenjarom 42610, Selangor, Malaysia
Sivasuriyan Krithika Shree
Department of Biotechnology, School of Bio and Chemical Engineering Sathyabama Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai 600119, Tamil Nadu, India
Deenadhayalan Rajalakshmi
Department of Biotechnology, School of Bio and Chemical Engineering Sathyabama Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai 600119, Tamil Nadu, India
Nagarajan Shobana
Department of Biotechnology, School of Bio and Chemical Engineering Sathyabama Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai 600119, Tamil Nadu, India
Shanmugaboopathi Dhiva
Department of Microbiology, Sree Narayana College, Alathur, Palakkad 678682, Kerala, India
Sasi Abirami
Department of Microbiology, Kamaraj College, Thoothukudi, Affiliated to Manonmaniam Sundaranar University, Thoothukudi 628003, Tamil Nadu, India
Sridevi Visvanathan
Unit of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, AIMST University, Semeling, Bedong 08100, Kedah Darul Aman, Malaysia
Basanta Kumar Mohanty
Faculty of Medicine, Manipal University College Malaysia (MUCM), Jalan Padang Jambu, Bukit Baru 75150, Melaka, Malaysia
Gokul Shankar Sabesan
Faculty of Medicine, Manipal University College Malaysia (MUCM), Jalan Padang Jambu, Bukit Baru 75150, Melaka, Malaysia
Suresh V. Chinni
Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Bioscience and Nursing, MAHSA University, Jalan SP2, Bandar Saujana Putra, Jenjarom 42610, Selangor, Malaysia
Biological macromolecules like polysaccharides/proteins/glycoproteins have been widely used in the field of tissue engineering due to their ability to mimic the extracellular matrix of tissue. In addition to this, these macromolecules are found to have higher biocompatibility and no/lesser toxicity when compared to synthetic polymers. In recent years, scaffolds made up of proteins, polysaccharides, or glycoproteins have been highly used due to their tensile strength, biodegradability, and flexibility. This review is about the fabrication methods and applications of scaffolds made using various biological macromolecules, including polysaccharides like chitosan, agarose, cellulose, and dextran and proteins like soy proteins, zein proteins, etc. Biopolymer-based nanocomposite production and its application and limitations are also discussed in this review. This review also emphasizes the importance of using natural polymers rather than synthetic ones for developing scaffolds, as natural polymers have unique properties, like high biocompatibility, biodegradability, accessibility, stability, absence of toxicity, and low cost.
