The effectiveness of exercise programs on the quadratus lumborum muscle in patients with chronic non-specific low back pain: A systematic review

Abstract

Background and Aim: The quadratus lumborum muscle is a key contributor to chronic back pain. This muscle typically causes a dull and vague pain in the lower back. The aim of this systematic review was to evaluate the effectiveness of exercise programs targeting the quadratus lumborum muscle in patients with chronic non-specific low back pain. Methods: A systematic search was conducted for English-language papers published between 2010 and 2023 in databases such as PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science using keywords like "quadratus lumborum," "chronic low back pain," and "therapy." The methodological quality of the studies was assessed using the Physiotherapy Evidence Database (PEDro) Scale. Results: Out of 372 retrieved studies, 275 were excluded based on title and abstract screening, 58 were excluded after full-text review, and 28 were excluded for not meeting inclusion criteria. Ultimately, 10 studies were included. The results indicated a significant difference in pain intensity, active lateral bending, trigger points of the quadratus lumborum muscle, and disability index among participants engaging in therapeutic exercises (P<0.05). Conclusion: Myofascial release, stretching techniques, flexibility exercises, pilates exercises, and central stability exercises targeting the quadratus lumborum muscle can alleviate pain and improve functional disability in patients with non-specific chronic back pain. These interventions can also enhance posture, sleeping positions, ergonomics during daily activities like bending, lifting, and turning, ultimately reducing pain levels in affected individuals.

Keywords

• chronic non-specific low back pain
• quadratus lumborum muscle
• therapeutic exercise