Phytochemical Screening, Antibacterial, Antifungal, Antiviral, Cytotoxic, and Anti-Quorum-Sensing Properties of <i>Teucrium polium</i> L. Aerial Parts Methanolic Extract
Mousa Alreshidi,
Emira Noumi,
Lamjed Bouslama,
Ozgur Ceylan,
Vajid N. Veettil,
Mohd Adnan,
Corina Danciu,
Salem Elkahoui,
Riadh Badraoui,
Khalid A. Al-Motair,
Mitesh Patel,
Vincenzo De Feo,
Mejdi Snoussi
Affiliations
Mousa Alreshidi
Department of Biology, University of Hail, College of Science, P.O. Box 2440, Ha’il 2440, Saudi Arabia
Emira Noumi
Department of Biology, University of Hail, College of Science, P.O. Box 2440, Ha’il 2440, Saudi Arabia
Lamjed Bouslama
Laboratory of Bioactive Substances, Center of Biotechnology of Borj Cedria (CBBC), BP 901, Hammam Lif 2050, Tunisia
Department of Biology, University of Hail, College of Science, P.O. Box 2440, Ha’il 2440, Saudi Arabia
Mohd Adnan
Department of Biology, University of Hail, College of Science, P.O. Box 2440, Ha’il 2440, Saudi Arabia
Corina Danciu
Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 2 Eftimie Murgu Square, Timisoara 300041, Romania
Salem Elkahoui
Department of Biology, University of Hail, College of Science, P.O. Box 2440, Ha’il 2440, Saudi Arabia
Riadh Badraoui
Department of Biology, University of Hail, College of Science, P.O. Box 2440, Ha’il 2440, Saudi Arabia
Khalid A. Al-Motair
Molecular Diagnostic and Personalized Therapeutics Unit, University of Ha’il, Ha’il 2440, Saudi Arabia
Mitesh Patel
Bapalal Vaidya Botanical Research Centre, Department of Biosciences, Veer Narmad South Gujarat University, Surat, Gujarat 395007, India
Vincenzo De Feo
Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II, 132, Fisciano, 84084 Salerno, Italy
Mejdi Snoussi
Department of Biology, University of Hail, College of Science, P.O. Box 2440, Ha’il 2440, Saudi Arabia
The chemical profile of Teucrium polium L. (T. polium) methanolic extract was tested using liquid chromatography coupled with high resolution mass spectrometry (HR-LCMS). Disc diffusion and microdilution assays were used for the antimicrobial activities. Coxsackievirus B-3 (CVB3) and Herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2) were used for the antiviral activities. Chromobacterium violaceum (ATCC 12472 and CV026) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1 were used as starter strains for the anti-quorum sensing tests. Isoprenoids are the main class of compounds identified, and 13R-hydroxy-9E,11Z-octadecadienoic acid, valtratum, rhoifolin, sericetin diacetate, and dihydrosamidin were the dominant phytoconstituents. The highest mean diameter of growth inhibition zone was recorded for Acinetobacter baumannii (19.33 ± 1.15 mm). The minimal inhibitory concentrations were ranging from 6.25 to 25 mg/mL for bacterial strains, and from 6.25 to 25 mg/mL for Candida species. The 50% cytotoxic concentration on VERO (African Green Monkey Kidney) cell lines was estimated at 209 µg/mL. No antiviral activity was recorded. Additionally, T. polium extract was able to inhibit P. aeruginosa PAO1 motility in a concentration-dependent manner. However, the tested extract was able to inhibit 23.66% of the swarming and 35.25% of swimming capacities of PAO1 at 100 µg/mL. These results highlighted the role of germander as a potent antimicrobial agent that can interfere with the virulence factors controlled by the quorum-sensing systems.
