Adverse Drug Reactions Associated with CYP 2B6 Polymorphisms in HIV/AIDS-Treated Patients in Yaoundé, Cameroon

Abstract

Carine Nguefeu Nkenfou,1,2 Barbara Atogho Tiedeu,1,2 Celine Nguefeu Nkenfou,3–5 Akindeh M Nji,1,2 Jean Paul Chedjou,1,2 Calvino Tah Fomboh,2,6 Charles Kouanfack,7,8 Wilfred F Mbacham1,2,91Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Yaoundé I, Yaoundé, Cameroon; 2The Biotechnology Center, University of Yaoundé I, Yaoundé, Cameroon; 3Systems Biology, Chantal Biya’ International Reference Centre for Research on HIV and AIDS Prevention and Management (CBIRC), Yaoundé, Cameroon; 4Department of Biology, Higher Teachers’ Training College, University of Yaoundé I, Yaoundé, Cameroon; 5Molecular Biology Center Yaoundé, Yaoundé, Cameroon; 6Catholic University of Yaoundé (UCAC), Yaoundé, Cameroon; 7Day Care Unit, Central Hospital Yaoundé, Yaoundé, Cameroon; 8Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Dschang, Dschang, Cameroon; 9Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Yaoundé I, Yaoundé, CameroonCorrespondence: Wilfred F MbachamLaboratory for Public Health Research Biotechnologies, Biotechnology Center (BTC), P.O. Box 3851, Nkolbisson, Yaounde, CameroonTel [phone]Email [email protected]: The metabolism of antiretroviral drugs is subject to individual variations of the CYP 2B6 gene. The objective of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of CYP 2B6 516 G>T and 983 T>C polymorphisms and investigate their association with the development of adverse drug reactions (ADRs) in people living with HIV/AIDS in Cameroon.Patients and methods: A total number of 122 patients, attending the Yaoundé Central Hospital HIV Day Clinic, consented to take part in this study. Blood specimens were collected and DNA was extracted using the Chelex method. Polymerase Chain Reaction-Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) was performed for the detection of CYP 2B6 Single-Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNPs). Genotype frequencies were compared between groups with or without ADRs. Logistic regression analysis was performed to assess association between genotype and adverse effects of antiretroviral therapy (ART).Results: Three types of metabolizers were identified: extensive, intermediate and slow. For the 516G>T polymorphism, prevalences of 8.2% GG, 65.6% GT and 26.2% TT were obtained. For the 983T>C polymorphism, 89.3% TT, 4.1% CT and 6.6% CC prevalences were obtained. Those homozygous for the wild-type allele (516GG) were less likely to develop ADR with a statistically significant difference (OR=0.885, P=0.029). For the CYP2B6 T983C SNP, homozygous mutants (CC) may present a higher risk (threefold) of developing adverse reactions (OR=2.677, P=0.164).Conclusion: These findings demonstrate that ADRs among HIV/AIDS patients under ART may be associated with the genetic variability of the metabolizing enzyme CYP 2B6. Genotyping for this gene may guide the better administration of Efavirenz and Nevirapine to Cameroonian patients.Keywords: CYP 2B6 polymorphisms, association, adverse drug reactions, HIV/AIDS

Keywords

• cyp 2b6 polymorphisms
• association
• adverse drug reactions
• hiv/aids