Clinical and Applied Thrombosis/Hemostasis (Jun 2021)

Predictors of Venous Thromboembolism in Patients With Testicular Germ Cell Tumors: A Retrospective Study

  • Hikmat Abdel-Razeq MD,
  • Faris Tamimi MD,
  • Rashid Abdel-Razeq MD,
  • Samer Salah MD,
  • Zaid Omari MD,
  • Osama Salama MD,
  • Alaa Abufara MD,
  • Abdalla Al-Tell MD,
  • Hanna Qahoush MD,
  • Ahmad Nasman MD,
  • Ayat Taqash BSc,
  • Yazan Alhalaseh MD,
  • Rayan Bater MSc

DOI
https://doi.org/10.1177/10760296211024756
Journal volume & issue
Vol. 27

Abstract

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Malignancy, including testicular tumors, significantly increases the risk of venous thromboembolism (VTE). In this study, we search for predictors that may help identify subgroups of patients at higher risk of VTE. Patients with confirmed diagnosis of testicular germ cell tumor and proven VTE were identified. Clinical and pathological features possibly associated with VTE were reviewed. A total of 322 patients, median age (range) 31 (18-76) years were identified. Tumors were mostly non-seminoma (n = 194, 60.2%), node-positive (n = 130, 40.4%) and 58 (18.0%) had metastatic disease at diagnosis. Venous thromboembolism were confirmed in 27 (8.4%) patients; however, rates were significantly higher ( P < 0.001) in patients with node-positive (18.5%), metastatic disease (22.4%), and those with high lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) (21.3%). Rates were also significantly higher among those who received multiple lines of chemotherapy (27.5%) compared to those who received one line (13.8%) or none (<1.0%), P < 0.001. Patients with testicular tumors and high tumor burden, including nodal involvement, high LDH or metastatic disease, and those treated with multiple lines of chemotherapy have significantly higher rates of VTE.