Improvement of adiponectin in relation to physical performance and body composition in young obese males subjected to twenty-four weeks of training programs
Marta Mallardo,
Mattia D'Alleva,
Stefano Lazzer,
Nicola Giovanelli,
Francesco Graniero,
Véronique Billat,
Federica Fiori,
Michela Marinoni,
Maria Parpinel,
Aurora Daniele,
Ersilia Nigro
Affiliations
Marta Mallardo
Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Ambientali, Biologiche, Farmaceutiche, Università della Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, via A. Vivaldi, 81100, Caserta, Italy; CEINGE Biotecnologie Avanzate “Franco Salvatore” scarl, Via G. Salvatore 486, 80145, Napoli, Italy
Mattia D'Alleva
Department of Medicine, University of Udine, Udine, Italy; School of Sport Sciences, University of Udine, Udine, Italy
Stefano Lazzer
Department of Medicine, University of Udine, Udine, Italy; School of Sport Sciences, University of Udine, Udine, Italy
Nicola Giovanelli
Department of Medicine, University of Udine, Udine, Italy; School of Sport Sciences, University of Udine, Udine, Italy
Francesco Graniero
Physical Exercise Prescription Center, Azienda Sanitaria Universitaria Friuli Centrale, Gemona del Friuli, Udine, Italy
Véronique Billat
Unité de Biologie Intégrative des Adaptations à l’Exercice, Université Paris-Saclay, Univ Evry, 91000, Evry-Courcouronnes, France; BillaTraining SAS, 32 rue Paul Vaillant-Couturier, 94140, Alforville, France
Federica Fiori
Department of Medicine, University of Udine, Udine, Italy
Michela Marinoni
Department of Medicine, University of Udine, Udine, Italy
Maria Parpinel
Department of Medicine, University of Udine, Udine, Italy
Aurora Daniele
CEINGE Biotecnologie Avanzate “Franco Salvatore” scarl, Via G. Salvatore 486, 80145, Napoli, Italy; Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Biotecnologie Mediche, Università degli Studi di Napoli “Federico II”, via Pansini, Napoli, 80131, Italy; Corresponding author. Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Biotecnologie Mediche, Università degli Studi di Napoli ''Federico II'', via Pansini, Napoli, 80131, Italy.
Ersilia Nigro
Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Ambientali, Biologiche, Farmaceutiche, Università della Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, via A. Vivaldi, 81100, Caserta, Italy; CEINGE Biotecnologie Avanzate “Franco Salvatore” scarl, Via G. Salvatore 486, 80145, Napoli, Italy; Corresponding author. Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Ambientali, Biologiche, Farmaceutiche, Via Vivaldi, 43 - 81100, Caserta.
Obesity and related metabolic diseases represent a worldwide health problem. The main factor predisposing to obesity is an unhealthy lifestyle including the lack of physical activity. A pivotal role in the etio-pathogenesis of obesity is carried out by adipose tissue, an endocrine organ secreting several adipokines involved in numerous metabolic and inflammatory processes. Among these, of particular importance is adiponectin, an adipokine involved in the regulation of insulin sensibility and in anti-inflammatory processes. The aim of the study was to determine the effects of 24 weeks of two different training programs polarized (POL) and threshold training (THR) on body composition, physical capacities and adiponectin expression. Thirteen male obese subjects (BMI: 32.0 ± 3.0 kg m-2) followed 24 weeks of two different training programs, POL and THR, consisting of walking or running (or a combination of the two methods) in their normal living conditions. Before (T0) and after the end of the program (T1), the assessment of body composition was assessed by bioelectrical impedance and the concentration of salivary and serum adiponectin was analyzed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and western blotting. Although the results obtained did not show significant differences between the two training programs, body mass and body mass index decreased by a mean of −4.46 ± 2.90 kg and 1.43 ± 0.92 kg m−2 (P < 0.05). Fat mass decreased by −4.47 ± 2.78 kg (P < 0.05). V′O2max increased by a mean of 0.20 ± 0.26 L min−1 (P < 0.05) Also, we observed an increase in saliva and in serum of adiponectin concentrations at T1 compared to T0 by 4.72 ± 3.52 μg mL−1 and 5.22 ± 4.74 ng mL−1 (P < 0.05) respectively. Finally, we found significant correlations between Δ serum adiponectin and Δ Hip (R = −0.686, P = 0.001) and between Δ salivary adiponectin and ΔWaist (R = −0.678, P = 0.011). Our results suggest that a 24 weeks training program, independently from intensity and volume, induces an amelioration of body composition and fitness performance. These improvements are associated with an increase in total and HMW adiponectin expression in both saliva and in serum.
