A Nonlinear Association of Body Mass Index and Fasting Blood Glucose: A Dose‐Response Analysis From Fasa Adults Cohort Study (FACS)

Abstract

ABSTRACT Background and Aims Obesity is associated with diabetes; however, the dose–response association between body mass index (BMI) and fasting blood glucose (FBG) remains unclear. This study aims to evaluate the dose–response relationship between BMI and the risk of prediabetes and diabetes among adults. Methods A total of 10,135 participants were enrolled in this study from the baseline profiles of the Fasa Adults Cohort Study (FACS) conducted between October 2014 and September 2016. Multivariable logistic regression model and restricted cubic spline (RCS) were applied to evaluate the dose–response relationship between BMI and the risk of prediabetes and ‎diabetes. Statistical ‎ analyses were performed using the software R (4.3.1), taking the significance level at 0.05. Results Findings indicated that after adjusting the confounding variables, the risk of diabetes was increased by increasing BMI (overweight: OR = 1.67, 95% CI = 1.36–2.06; obese: OR = 1.76, 95% CI = 1.37–2.26). The results of dose–response analysis displayed a nonlinear J‐shaped association between BMI and the risk of diabetes (ptrend < 0.001, nonlinear p < 0.001) and prediabetes (ptrend < 0.001, nonlinear p < 0.049). Conclusion Based on our research, a higher BMI is a dose‐dependent, independent risk factor for diabetes. As a result, prevention initiatives should think about emphasizing ongoing BMI modifications.

Keywords

• body mass index
• diabetes
• dose‐response analysis
• obesity