Frontiers in Immunology (Jun 2021)
Immune Dysregulation and the Increased Risk of Complications and Mortality Following Respiratory Tract Infections in Adults With Down Syndrome
- Tomer Illouz,
- Tomer Illouz,
- Arya Biragyn,
- Maria Florencia Iulita,
- Maria Florencia Iulita,
- Maria Florencia Iulita,
- Lisi Flores-Aguilar,
- Mara Dierssen,
- Mara Dierssen,
- Mara Dierssen,
- Ilario De Toma,
- Ilario De Toma,
- Ilario De Toma,
- Stylianos E. Antonarakis,
- Stylianos E. Antonarakis,
- Stylianos E. Antonarakis,
- Eugene Yu,
- Eugene Yu,
- Yann Herault,
- Marie-Claude Potier,
- Alexandra Botté,
- Randall Roper,
- Benjamin Sredni,
- Jacqueline London,
- William Mobley,
- Andre Strydom,
- Andre Strydom,
- Eitan Okun,
- Eitan Okun,
- Eitan Okun
Affiliations
- Tomer Illouz
- The Leslie and Susan Gonda Multidisciplinary Brain Research Center, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan, Israel
- Tomer Illouz
- The Paul Feder Laboratory on Alzheimer’s Disease Research, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan, Israel
- Arya Biragyn
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Immunology, National Institute on Aging, National Institute of Health, Baltimore, MD, United States
- Maria Florencia Iulita
- Sant Pau Memory Unit, Department of Neurology, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain
- Maria Florencia Iulita
- Biomedical Research Institute Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Maria Florencia Iulita
- Center of Biomedical Investigation Network for Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
- Lisi Flores-Aguilar
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Mara Dierssen
- Center for Genomic Regulation, The Barcelona Institute for Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain
- Mara Dierssen
- University Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
- Mara Dierssen
- 0Biomedical Research Networking Center for Rare Diseases (CIBERER), Barcelona, Spain
- Ilario De Toma
- Center for Genomic Regulation, The Barcelona Institute for Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain
- Ilario De Toma
- University Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
- Ilario De Toma
- 0Biomedical Research Networking Center for Rare Diseases (CIBERER), Barcelona, Spain
- Stylianos E. Antonarakis
- 1Department of Genetic Medicine and Development, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- Stylianos E. Antonarakis
- 2Medigenome, Swiss Institute of Genomic Medicine, Geneva, Switzerland
- Stylianos E. Antonarakis
- 3iGE3 Institute of Genetics and Genomics of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- Eugene Yu
- 4The Children’s Guild Foundation Down Syndrome Research Program, Genetics and Genomics Program and Department of Cancer Genetics and Genomics, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, United States
- Eugene Yu
- 5Genetics, Genomics and Bioinformatics Program, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, United States
- Yann Herault
- 6Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, INSERM, Institut de Génétique Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, IGBMC - UMR 7104 - Inserm U1258, Illkirch, France
- Marie-Claude Potier
- 7Paris Brain Institute (ICM), CNRS UMR7225, INSERM U1127, Sorbonne Université, Hôpital de la Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
- Alexandra Botté
- 7Paris Brain Institute (ICM), CNRS UMR7225, INSERM U1127, Sorbonne Université, Hôpital de la Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
- Randall Roper
- 8Department of Biology, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN, United States
- Benjamin Sredni
- 9The Mina and Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan, Israel
- Jacqueline London
- 0Université de Paris, BFA, UMR 8251, CNRS, Paris, France
- William Mobley
- 1Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States
- Andre Strydom
- 2Department of Forensic and Neurodevelopmental Sciences, Institute of Psychiatry Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
- Andre Strydom
- 3South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
- Eitan Okun
- The Leslie and Susan Gonda Multidisciplinary Brain Research Center, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan, Israel
- Eitan Okun
- The Paul Feder Laboratory on Alzheimer’s Disease Research, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan, Israel
- Eitan Okun
- 9The Mina and Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan, Israel
- DOI
- https://doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2021.621440
- Journal volume & issue
-
Vol. 12
Abstract
The risk of severe outcomes following respiratory tract infections is significantly increased in individuals over 60 years, especially in those with chronic medical conditions, i.e., hypertension, diabetes, cardiovascular disease, dementia, chronic respiratory disease, and cancer. Down Syndrome (DS), the most prevalent intellectual disability, is caused by trisomy-21 in ~1:750 live births worldwide. Over the past few decades, a substantial body of evidence has accumulated, pointing at the occurrence of alterations, impairments, and subsequently dysfunction of the various components of the immune system in individuals with DS. This associates with increased vulnerability to respiratory tract infections in this population, such as the influenza virus, respiratory syncytial virus, SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19), and bacterial pneumonias. To emphasize this link, here we comprehensively review the immunobiology of DS and its contribution to higher susceptibility to severe illness and mortality from respiratory tract infections.
Keywords
