Australasian Orthodontic Journal (May 2004)
Extra-oral retraction mechanics: a review
Abstract
Objectives: The literature relating the centres of resistance of the maxillary molars, the maxillary dental arch, and the maxilla to extra-oral retraction vectors intended for both orthodontic and orthopaedic effects, is reviewed. Conventional clinical wisdom concerning the different effects of cervical-, straight-, and high-pull vectors is questioned.