Healthy and moribund Zhikong scallops (Chlamys farreri) developed different viral communities during a mass mortality event
Jiaxiang Li,
Kaiyang Zheng,
Wei Ding,
Longfei Lu,
Yantao Liang,
Yao Xiong,
Zhongcheng Wei,
Chen Gao,
Yue Su,
Ziyue Wang,
Xin Chen,
Zhenmin Bao,
Xiaoli Hu,
Andrew McMinn,
Min Wang
Affiliations
Jiaxiang Li
MoE Key Laboratory of Evolution and Marine Biodiversity, College of Marine Life Sciences, Institute of Evolution and Marine Biodiversity, Frontiers Science Center for Deep Ocean Multispheres and Earth System, and Center for Ocean Carbon Neutrality, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, Shandong, China
Kaiyang Zheng
MoE Key Laboratory of Evolution and Marine Biodiversity, College of Marine Life Sciences, Institute of Evolution and Marine Biodiversity, Frontiers Science Center for Deep Ocean Multispheres and Earth System, and Center for Ocean Carbon Neutrality, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, Shandong, China
Wei Ding
Key Laboratory of Biological Genetics and Breeding, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, Shandong, China
Longfei Lu
Fourth Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Beihai, Guangxi, China
Yantao Liang
MoE Key Laboratory of Evolution and Marine Biodiversity, College of Marine Life Sciences, Institute of Evolution and Marine Biodiversity, Frontiers Science Center for Deep Ocean Multispheres and Earth System, and Center for Ocean Carbon Neutrality, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, Shandong, China
Yao Xiong
MoE Key Laboratory of Evolution and Marine Biodiversity, College of Marine Life Sciences, Institute of Evolution and Marine Biodiversity, Frontiers Science Center for Deep Ocean Multispheres and Earth System, and Center for Ocean Carbon Neutrality, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, Shandong, China
Zhongcheng Wei
Key Laboratory of Biological Genetics and Breeding, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, Shandong, China
Chen Gao
MoE Key Laboratory of Evolution and Marine Biodiversity, College of Marine Life Sciences, Institute of Evolution and Marine Biodiversity, Frontiers Science Center for Deep Ocean Multispheres and Earth System, and Center for Ocean Carbon Neutrality, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, Shandong, China
Yue Su
MoE Key Laboratory of Evolution and Marine Biodiversity, College of Marine Life Sciences, Institute of Evolution and Marine Biodiversity, Frontiers Science Center for Deep Ocean Multispheres and Earth System, and Center for Ocean Carbon Neutrality, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, Shandong, China
Ziyue Wang
MoE Key Laboratory of Evolution and Marine Biodiversity, College of Marine Life Sciences, Institute of Evolution and Marine Biodiversity, Frontiers Science Center for Deep Ocean Multispheres and Earth System, and Center for Ocean Carbon Neutrality, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, Shandong, China
Xin Chen
MoE Key Laboratory of Evolution and Marine Biodiversity, College of Marine Life Sciences, Institute of Evolution and Marine Biodiversity, Frontiers Science Center for Deep Ocean Multispheres and Earth System, and Center for Ocean Carbon Neutrality, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, Shandong, China
Zhenmin Bao
Key Laboratory of Biological Genetics and Breeding, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, Shandong, China
Xiaoli Hu
Key Laboratory of Biological Genetics and Breeding, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, Shandong, China
Andrew McMinn
MoE Key Laboratory of Evolution and Marine Biodiversity, College of Marine Life Sciences, Institute of Evolution and Marine Biodiversity, Frontiers Science Center for Deep Ocean Multispheres and Earth System, and Center for Ocean Carbon Neutrality, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, Shandong, China
Min Wang
MoE Key Laboratory of Evolution and Marine Biodiversity, College of Marine Life Sciences, Institute of Evolution and Marine Biodiversity, Frontiers Science Center for Deep Ocean Multispheres and Earth System, and Center for Ocean Carbon Neutrality, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, Shandong, China
ABSTRACT Viral assemblages of scallops are still relatively unknown. Here, metagenomic analysis was used to study virus communities in the gut of scallops to establish the first scallop virome data set (SVD); this contains 7,447 viral operational taxonomic units. Protein-sharing networks and phylogenetic analyses demonstrated the high diversity and novelty of the SVD, which is very different from viromes from other habitats. Potentially pathogenic viruses are prevalent in the gut of scallops. In particular, the novel smacoviruses were identified, indicating that scallops may be a potential hotspot for this viral group. Inference of virus-host associations found extensive interactions between viruses and major prokaryotic lineages. Intriguingly, moribund scallops showed a higher diversity of auxiliary metabolic genes (AMGs) related to amino acid metabolism and cofactor and vitamin genes, while healthy scallops had fewer AMGs, with those present focusing on secondary metabolite biosynthesis and carbohydrate metabolism. These findings provide the first landscape of scallop gut viruses based on metagenomes and highlight the potential roles of diverse and unique gut viruses for the health of filter-feeding bivalves.IMPORTANCEThis study uses metagenome sequencing to establish the first scallop virome database. The study reveals previously unknown diversity of scallop-associated viruses and provides insights into links between disease status and viral diversity and genome content. The study will interest many aquatic virologists and could have important implications in managing marine resources.
