User Perceptions of Visual Blood: An International Mixed Methods Study on Novel Blood Gas Analysis Visualization
Greta Gasciauskaite,
Justyna Lunkiewicz,
Giovanna Schweiger,
Alexandra D. Budowski,
David Henckert,
Tadzio R. Roche,
Lisa Bergauer,
Patrick Meybohm,
Sebastian Hottenrott,
Kai Zacharowski,
Florian Jürgen Raimann,
Eva Rivas,
Manuel López-Baamonde,
Michael Thomas Ganter,
Tanja Schmidt,
Christoph B. Nöthiger,
David W. Tscholl,
Samira Akbas
Affiliations
Greta Gasciauskaite
Institute of Anesthesiology, University and University Hospital Zurich, Raemistrasse 100, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland
Justyna Lunkiewicz
Institute of Anesthesiology, University and University Hospital Zurich, Raemistrasse 100, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland
Giovanna Schweiger
Institute of Anesthesiology, University and University Hospital Zurich, Raemistrasse 100, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland
Alexandra D. Budowski
Institute of Anesthesiology, University and University Hospital Zurich, Raemistrasse 100, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland
David Henckert
Institute of Anesthesiology, University and University Hospital Zurich, Raemistrasse 100, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland
Tadzio R. Roche
Institute of Anesthesiology, University and University Hospital Zurich, Raemistrasse 100, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland
Lisa Bergauer
Institute of Anesthesiology, University and University Hospital Zurich, Raemistrasse 100, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland
Patrick Meybohm
Department of Anaesthesiology, Intensive Care, Emergency and Pain Medicine, University Hospital Wuerzburg, University of Wuerzburg, 97080 Wuerzburg, Germany
Sebastian Hottenrott
Department of Anaesthesiology, Intensive Care, Emergency and Pain Medicine, University Hospital Wuerzburg, University of Wuerzburg, 97080 Wuerzburg, Germany
Kai Zacharowski
Department of Anaesthesiology, Intensive Care Medicine and Pain Therapy, University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe University Frankfurt, 60323 Frankfurt, Germany
Florian Jürgen Raimann
Department of Anaesthesiology, Intensive Care Medicine and Pain Therapy, University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe University Frankfurt, 60323 Frankfurt, Germany
Eva Rivas
Department of Anaesthesiology, Intensive Care Medicine and Pain Therapy, Hospital Clinic of Barcelona, University of Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
Manuel López-Baamonde
Department of Anaesthesiology, Intensive Care Medicine and Pain Therapy, Hospital Clinic of Barcelona, University of Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
Michael Thomas Ganter
Institute of Anaesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Clinic Hirslanden Zurich, 8032 Zurich, Switzerland
Tanja Schmidt
Institute of Anaesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Clinic Hirslanden Zurich, 8032 Zurich, Switzerland
Christoph B. Nöthiger
Institute of Anesthesiology, University and University Hospital Zurich, Raemistrasse 100, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland
David W. Tscholl
Institute of Anesthesiology, University and University Hospital Zurich, Raemistrasse 100, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland
Samira Akbas
Institute of Anesthesiology, University and University Hospital Zurich, Raemistrasse 100, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland
Blood gas analysis plays a central role in modern medicine. Advances in technology have expanded the range of available parameters and increased the complexity of their interpretation. By applying user-centered design principles, it is possible to reduce the cognitive load associated with interpreting blood gas analysis. In this international, multicenter study, we explored anesthesiologists’ perspectives on Visual Blood, a novel visualization technique for presenting blood gas analysis results. We conducted interviews with participants following two computer-based simulation studies, the first utilizing virtual reality (VR) (50 participants) and the second without VR (70 participants). Employing the template approach, we identified key themes in the interview responses and formulated six statements, which were rated using Likert scales from 1 (strongly disagree) to 5 (strongly agree) in an online questionnaire. The most frequently mentioned theme was the positive usability features of Visual Blood. The online survey revealed that participants found Visual Blood to be an intuitive method for interpreting blood gas analysis (median 4, interquartile range (IQR) 4-4, p p p < 0.001). Overall, Visual Blood received a favorable response. The strengths and weaknesses derived from these data will help optimize future versions of Visual Blood to improve the presentation of blood gas analysis results.
