Differences in Physical Activity Levels, Screen Time, and Body Mass Index and Their Associations with Oral Health in Schoolchildren in Mallorca

Abstract

Background: The time that adolescents spend using screens is associated with an elevated body mass index (BMI) and decreased physical activity, with gender being an important determinant. There is evidence that an elevated BMI can affect oral health. Aim: To analyze gender differences in physical activity levels and screen time, as well as screen use and BMI, and their associations with DMFT. Methods: Physical activity levels, screen time, and their relationship with the oral health status and BMI were studied in 468 schoolchildren aged 12 to 15 years. To analyze the differences in the numerical data, an analysis of the mean by the Student t-test or a one-way analysis of variance followed by the Bonferroni post hoc analysis was used. Moreover, to analyze the differences in the categorical data, the chi-square test was used. Results: Boys were more active (59.9%) than girls (40.1%) (p p = 0.040). The mean number of hours engaged in sports activities outside school was higher for boys than girls (boys: 2.22 ± 0.06 vs. girls: 1.77 ± 0.73; p ≤ 0.001). The mean number of hours spent using electronic devices during the weekend was higher in boys than girls (boys: 2.89 ± 0.08 vs. girls 2.44 ± 0.09; p ≤ 0.001). Children with a DMF > 0 had a higher mean BMI than those with a DMFT = 0 (DMFT > 0; 21.95 ±4.80 vs. DMFT = 0; 20.77 ± 3.67; p = 0.003). Conclusions: An increased number of hours spent in front of a computer correlates with a higher BMI. Sex seems to be a determining factor when it comes to engaging in active activities. Caries is more frequent in children with a higher BMI.

Keywords

• body mass index
• oral health
• screen time
• sex
• physical activity