Сельскохозяйственные машины и технологии (Dec 2015)
Universal classification of traumatic damages of internal structures of crops seeds
Abstract
Quality of sowing material considerably depends both on a biological condition of seeds, and on technologies and technical means applied by machine preprocessing. Thus, the caryopsides damages arising at mechanical and thermomechanical influence from working tools of machines and units have essential value. Besides damages of integrity of caryopsides covers there are traumatic changes their internal structures which are often hidden by covers and are not visible at visual inspection. The condition of internal caryopsides structures was researched by a radiographic method. Possible types of their traumatic changes were defined. Influence of the listed types of injuries on sowing qualities of seeds was estimated. It was revealed that seeds with endosperm bruising had reduced field germination rate, in comparison with intact ones, by 2.25-3.75 percent. It was defined that decrease in field germination of seeds having less than four internal cracks made 30.25-37.0 percent; for seeds with quantity of four cracks and more - respectively, 38.0-48.75 percent. It was noted that barley seeds in the first case reduced germination by the 37 percent; in the second - by 48.75 percent (for comparison, oats and wheat seeds - by 39 and 38 percent respectively). It was established that reduction of field germination by 1 percent reduces yield of spring grain crops by 1.5-2.0 percent, and winter ones - by 1.0-1.5 percent. The universal classification of traumatic damages of crops seeds internal structures was suggested.
