Effects of Sterols on the Interaction of SDS, Benzalkonium Chloride, and A Novel Compound, Kor105, with Membranes
Irene Jiménez-Munguía,
Pavel E. Volynsky,
Oleg V. Batishchev,
Sergey A. Akimov,
Galina A. Korshunova,
Ekaterina A. Smirnova,
Dmitry A. Knorre,
Sviatoslav S. Sokolov,
Fedor F. Severin
Affiliations
Irene Jiménez-Munguía
Department of Engineering of Technological Equipment, National University of Science and Technology “MISiS”, 4 Leninskiy Prospect, Moscow 119049, Russia
Pavel E. Volynsky
Laboratory of Biomolecular Modeling, Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 16/10 Miklukho-Maklaya Str., Moscow 117997, Russia
Oleg V. Batishchev
Laboratory of Bioelectrochemistry, A.N. Frumkin Institute of Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 31/4 Leninskiy Prospekt, Moscow 119071, Russia
Sergey A. Akimov
Laboratory of Bioelectrochemistry, A.N. Frumkin Institute of Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 31/4 Leninskiy Prospekt, Moscow 119071, Russia
Galina A. Korshunova
Department of Protein Chemistry, Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 1–40 Leninskie Gory, Moscow 119991, Russia
Ekaterina A. Smirnova
Department of Molecular Energetics of Microorganisms, Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 1–40 Leninskie Gory, Moscow 119991, Russia
Dmitry A. Knorre
Department of Molecular Energetics of Microorganisms, Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 1–40 Leninskie Gory, Moscow 119991, Russia
Sviatoslav S. Sokolov
Department of Molecular Energetics of Microorganisms, Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 1–40 Leninskie Gory, Moscow 119991, Russia
Fedor F. Severin
Department of Molecular Energetics of Microorganisms, Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 1–40 Leninskie Gory, Moscow 119991, Russia
Sterols change the biophysical properties of lipid membranes. Here, we analyzed how sterols affect the activity of widely used antimicrobial membrane-active compounds, sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) and benzalkonium chloride (BAC). We also tested a novel benzalkonium-like substance, Kor105. Our data suggest that benzalkonium and Kor105 disturb the ordering of the membrane lipid packaging, and this disturbance is dampened by cholesterol. The disturbance induced by Kor105 is stronger than that induced by BAC because of the higher rigidity of the Kor105 molecule due to a shorter linker between the phenyl group and quaternary nitrogen. On the contrary, individual SDS molecules do not cause the disturbance. Thus, in the tested range of concentrations, SDS−membrane interaction is not influenced by cholesterol. To study how sterols influence the biological effects of these chemicals, we used yeast strains lacking Lam1−4 proteins. These proteins transport sterols from the plasma membrane into the endoplasmic reticulum. We found that the mutants are resistant to BAC and Kor105 but hypersensitive to SDS. Together, our findings show that sterols influence the interaction of SDS versus benzalkonium chloride and Kor105 with the membranes in a completely different manner.
