Advances in crosstalk among innate immune pathways activated by mitochondrial DNA
Guangwei Tao,
Wenyan Liao,
Jiafeng Hou,
Xinmiao Jiang,
Xin Deng,
Guodong Chen,
Chengming Ding
Affiliations
Guangwei Tao
The First Affiliated Hospital, Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, 421001, China; The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Clinical Immunology Institute, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, 230032, China
Wenyan Liao
The First Affiliated Hospital, Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, 421001, China
Jiafeng Hou
The First Affiliated Hospital, Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, 421001, China
Xinmiao Jiang
The First Affiliated Hospital, Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, 421001, China
Xin Deng
The First Affiliated Hospital, Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, 421001, China
Guodong Chen
The First Affiliated Hospital, Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, 421001, China; Corresponding author. The First Affiliated Hospital, Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China. NO.69, Chuanshan Road, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China.
Chengming Ding
The First Affiliated Hospital, Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, 421001, China; Corresponding author. The First Affiliated Hospital, Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China. NO.69, Chuanshan Road, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China.
Mitochondria are not only the power plant for intracellular oxidative phosphorylation and ATP synthesis, but also involved in cell proliferation, differentiation, signaling and apoptosis. Recent studies have shown that mitochondria play an important role in other pathophysiological functions in addition to cellular energy metabolism. Mitochondria release mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) as a damage-associated molecular pattern (DAMP) to activate Toll-like receptor 9 (TLR9), NOD-, LRR-, and pyrin domain-containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome and cyclic GMP-AMP synthase (cGAS)-stimulator of interferon genes (STING) innate immune signaling pathways against foreign pathogenic microorganisms. The innate immune response not only promotes antimicrobial immune defense and regulates antiviral signaling, but their overactivation also induces the onset and progression of inflammatory diseases. In this paper, we review the role of mtDNA in the activation of innate immune signaling pathways and the crosstalk among innate immune signaling pathways activated by mtDNA, providing clues for the study of inflammatory diseases caused by mtDNA cytoplasmic translocation.
