The impact of 3D printed models on spatial orientation in echocardiography teaching

Abstract

Highlights • Medical students present difficulty with spatial orientation in echocardiography. • We asked for anatomical structures, 2D orientation, and 3D orientation. • We used 3D printed models for teaching standard echocardiographic views. • The 3D group (n = 77) performed significantly better than the control group (n = 76). • We advocate 3D printed models for the teaching of echocardiography standard views.

Keywords

• Echocardiography
• Cardiac surgery
• Cardiology
• 3D printing
• Teaching echocardiography