Intra-Aortic Balloon Pump Rupture leading to Cerebral Air Embolism: A Case Report

Abstract

Intra-Aortic Balloon Pump (IABP) rupture is relatively rare but significant complication of IABP and can lead to serious problems such as the cerebral ischemia and air embolism. The IABP insertion complication rate is reported as approximately 30%, with 2.6% experiencing major complications. Notably, balloon rupture accounts for a portion of these complications, with reported incidence ranging from <1-2%. Patients with diabetes, peripheral vascular disease, and advanced age are at higher risk. It emphasizes the need for continuous monitoring of balloon function, particularly in patients with pre-existing vascular disease. Healthcare providers should remain vigilant to monitor early signs of balloon rupture owing to the chance of development of potentially severe neurological complications. This case emphasizes the importance of early detection and management, including the precise choice of balloon size and length, and potentially the use of ultrasound to evaluate for anatomical abnormalities that could contribute to IABP rupture.

Keywords

• Air embolism
• Cerebral ischemia
• Complication rate
• Intra-aortic balloon rupture