Ultrasound of the Biceps Muscle in Idiopathic Parkinson’s Disease with Deep Brain Stimulation: Rigidity Can Be Quantified by Shear Wave Elastography

Abstract

Rigidity in Parkinson’s disease (PD) is assessed by clinical scales, mostly the Unified Parkinson’s Disease Rating Scale of the Movement Disorders Society (MDS-UPDRS). While the MDS-UPDRS-III ranges on an integer from 0 to 4, we investigated whether muscle ultrasound shear wave elastography (SWE) offers a refined assessment. Ten PD patients (five treated with deep brain stimulation (DBS) and levodopa, five with levodopa only) and ten healthy controls were included. Over a period of 80 min, both the SWE value and the item 22b-c of the MDS-UPDRS-III were measured at 5 min intervals. The measurements were performed bilaterally at the biceps brachii muscle (BB) and flexor digitorum profundus muscle in flexion and passive extension. Rigidity was modified and tracked under various therapeutic conditions (with and without medication/DBS). The feasibility of SWE for objective quantification was evaluated by correlation with the UPDRS-III: considering all positions and muscles, there was already a weak correlation (r = 0.01, p p p < 0.001). We conclude that rigidity is reflected in the SWE measurements, indicating that SWE is a potential non-invasive quantitative assessment tool for PD.

Keywords

• Parkinson’s disease
• rigidity
• shear wave elastography
• deep brain stimulation