The Use of Probiotics as Adjuvant Therapy of Periodontal Treatment: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Clinical Trials
Louis Hardan,
Rim Bourgi,
Carlos Enrique Cuevas-Suárez,
Maythé Flores-Rodríguez,
Arianna Omaña-Covarrubias,
Marco Nicastro,
Florin Lazarescu,
Maciej Zarow,
Paulo Monteiro,
Natalia Jakubowicz,
Patrycja Proc,
Monika Lukomska-Szymanska
Affiliations
Louis Hardan
Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Saint-Joseph University, Beirut 1107 2180, Lebanon
Rim Bourgi
Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Saint-Joseph University, Beirut 1107 2180, Lebanon
Carlos Enrique Cuevas-Suárez
Academic Area of Dentistry, Autonomous University of Hidalgo State, Circuito Ex Hacienda la Concepción S/N, San Agustín Tlaxiaca 42160, Hidalgo, Mexico
Maythé Flores-Rodríguez
Academic Area of Nutrition, Autonomous University of Hidalgo State, Circuito Ex Hacienda la Concepción S/N, San Agustín Tlaxiaca 42160, Hidalgo, Mexico
Arianna Omaña-Covarrubias
Academic Area of Nutrition, Autonomous University of Hidalgo State, Circuito Ex Hacienda la Concepción S/N, San Agustín Tlaxiaca 42160, Hidalgo, Mexico
Marco Nicastro
“Studio Nicastro” Dental Clinic, Corso Trieste 142, 00198 Roma, Italy
Florin Lazarescu
“Trident” Dental Clinic and Postgraduate Course Centre, Str. Dr. Louis Pasteur 1A, 050533 Bucharest, Romania
Maciej Zarow
“NZOZ SPS Dentist” Dental Clinic and Postgraduate Course Centre, pl. Inwalidow 7/5, 30-033 Cracow, Poland
Paulo Monteiro
Clinical Research Unit (CRU), Centro de Investigação Interdisciplinar Egas Moniz (CiiEM), Egas Moniz, CRL, Monte de Caparica, 2829-511 Caparica, Portugal
Natalia Jakubowicz
“NZOZ SPS Dentist” Dental Clinic and Postgraduate Course Centre, pl. Inwalidow 7/5, 30-033 Cracow, Poland
Patrycja Proc
Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Medical University of Lodz, Pomorska 251, 92-213 Lodz, Poland
Monika Lukomska-Szymanska
Department of General Dentistry, Medical University of Lodz, 251 Pomorska St., 92-213 Lodz, Poland
For many years, the use of probiotics in periodontitis treatment was reflected in their abilities to control the immune response of the host to the presence of pathogenic microorganisms and to upset periodontopathogens. Accordingly, the aim of the present study was to assess the use of probiotics as adjuvant therapy on clinical periodontal parameters throughout a systematic review and meta-analysis. The literature was screened, up to 4 June 2021, by two independent reviewers (L.H. and R.B.) in four electronic databases: PubMed (MedLine), ISI Web of Science, Scielo, and Scopus. Only clinical trials that report the effect of the use of probiotics as adjuvants in the treatment of periodontal disease were included. Comparisons were carried out using Review Manager Software version 5.3.5 (The Nordic Cochrane Centre, The Cochrane Collaboration, Copenhagen, Denmark). A total of 21 studies were considered for the meta-analysis. For the index plaque, the use of probiotics did not improve this clinical parameter (p = 0.16). On the other hand, for the periodontal pocket depth, the clinical attachment loss, the bleeding on probing, and the use of probiotics as adjuvant therapy resulted in an improvement of these parameters, since the control group achieved statistically higher values of this parameter (p p p = 0.005, respectively). This study suggests that the use of probiotics led to an improvement in periodontal pocket depth, clinical attachment loss, and bleeding on probing parameters. On the other hand, this protocol seems to not be beneficial for the index plaque parameter.
